Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Research, Society and Development |
Texto Completo: | https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11345 |
Resumo: | We evaluated performance, nutrient balance, nitrogen balance, and serum parameters in pigs in the nursery phase raised in environmental conditions above the thermoneutral zone that were fed with diets containing various levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 15 barrows (22.75 ± 1.58 kg) were housed in metabolism pens and distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: 15.5%, 18.3%, and 21.0% of CP, designated T15, T18, and T21, respectively. There was a gradual increase of temperature over the first three days from 25 to 29.1 ± 2.3 °C. From d18 to d20 of the experiment, pigs received the same diet (18% CP) and thermoneutral conditions were reestablished (22.9 ± 1.9 ºC). There were higher values of urinary, excreted, and absorbed nitrogen in T21, followed by T18 and T15. Blood urea levels were higher in treatments with higher protein levels. On d4 (adaptation period), cholesterol levels were higher in the T15 group than in the T21 group, antioxidant power of iron reduction values were lower in the T18 group than the T21 group. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on day 16 were higher in the T15 group, associated with the accumulation of heat stress and lower CP diets. Similar results were obtained for T18 with higher AOPP values on d16 than on d8 and d12. However, there were greater AOPP values in the T21 group on d20 (when the CP level was reduced to 18%) than on d8. Amino acid supplementation and reduction of CP in the diet to levels of 15.5% in piglets raised above the thermoneutral zone improved the use of CP. Furthermore, 15.5% of CP in the diet reduced the excretion of urinary nitrogen. The N-retention was not affected by dietary CP level, using the ideal protein concept. The use of 21%-CP in the diet efficiently avoided exacerbation of protein oxidation for pigs raised above thermoneutrality. |
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Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balanceCerdos alimentados con varios niveles de proteína cruda y criados por encima de la zona termoneutral: efectos sobre el metabolismo de las proteínas y el equilibrio de nitrógenoSuínos alimentados com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e criados acima da zona termoneutra: efeitos no metabolismo de proteínas e equilíbrio de nitrogênioAminoácidosDigestibilidadeProteína de oxidaçãoSuínoTermoneutralidadeUreia.Amino acidsDigestibilityOxidation proteinSwineThermoneutralityUrea.AminoácidosDigestibilidadProteína de oxidaciónCerdoTermoneutralidadUrea.We evaluated performance, nutrient balance, nitrogen balance, and serum parameters in pigs in the nursery phase raised in environmental conditions above the thermoneutral zone that were fed with diets containing various levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 15 barrows (22.75 ± 1.58 kg) were housed in metabolism pens and distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: 15.5%, 18.3%, and 21.0% of CP, designated T15, T18, and T21, respectively. There was a gradual increase of temperature over the first three days from 25 to 29.1 ± 2.3 °C. From d18 to d20 of the experiment, pigs received the same diet (18% CP) and thermoneutral conditions were reestablished (22.9 ± 1.9 ºC). There were higher values of urinary, excreted, and absorbed nitrogen in T21, followed by T18 and T15. Blood urea levels were higher in treatments with higher protein levels. On d4 (adaptation period), cholesterol levels were higher in the T15 group than in the T21 group, antioxidant power of iron reduction values were lower in the T18 group than the T21 group. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on day 16 were higher in the T15 group, associated with the accumulation of heat stress and lower CP diets. Similar results were obtained for T18 with higher AOPP values on d16 than on d8 and d12. However, there were greater AOPP values in the T21 group on d20 (when the CP level was reduced to 18%) than on d8. Amino acid supplementation and reduction of CP in the diet to levels of 15.5% in piglets raised above the thermoneutral zone improved the use of CP. Furthermore, 15.5% of CP in the diet reduced the excretion of urinary nitrogen. The N-retention was not affected by dietary CP level, using the ideal protein concept. The use of 21%-CP in the diet efficiently avoided exacerbation of protein oxidation for pigs raised above thermoneutrality.Evaluamos el desempeño, balance de nutrientes, balance de nitrógeno y parámetros séricos en cerdos en fase de crianza criados en condiciones ambientales por encima de la zona termoneutra que fueron alimentados con dietas conteniendo varios niveles de proteína cruda (PC). Un total de 15 carretillas (22,75 ± 1,58 kg) se alojaron en corrales de metabolismo y se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos: 15,5%, 18,3% y 21,0% de PC, designados T15, T18 y T21, respectivamente. Hubo un aumento gradual de la temperatura durante los primeros tres días de 25 a 29,1 ± 2,3 °C. Desde el d18 al d20 del experimento, los cerdos recibieron la misma dieta (18% PC) y se restablecieron las condiciones termoneutras (22,9 ± 1,9 ºC). Hubo valores más altos de nitrógeno urinario, excretado y absorbido en T21, seguido de T18 y T15. Los niveles de urea en sangre fueron más altos en tratamientos con niveles más altos de proteínas. En el d4 (período de adaptación), los niveles de colesterol fueron más altos en el grupo T15 que en el grupo T21, el poder antioxidante de los valores de reducción de hierro fueron más bajos en el grupo T18 que en el grupo T21. Los productos de proteína de oxidación avanzada (AOPP) el día 16 fueron más altos en el grupo T15, asociados con la acumulación de estrés por calor y dietas más bajas de PC. Se obtuvieron resultados similares para T18 con valores de AOPP más altos en d16 que en d8 y d12. Sin embargo, hubo mayores valores de AOPP en el grupo T21 el día 20 (cuando el nivel de PC se redujo al 18%) que el día 8. La suplementación con aminoácidos y la reducción de PC en la dieta a niveles del 15,5% en lechones criados por encima de la zona termoneutra mejoraron el uso de PC. Además, el 15,5% de la PC en la dieta redujo la excreción de nitrógeno urinario. La retención de N no se vio afectada por el nivel de PC en la dieta, utilizando el concepto de proteína ideal. El uso de 21% de PC en la dieta evitó eficazmente la exacerbación de la oxidación de proteínas en cerdos criados por encima de la termoneutralidad.Avaliamos o desempenho, o balanço de nutrientes, o balanço de nitrogênio e os parâmetros séricos em suínos na fase de creche criados em condições ambientais acima da zona termoneutra, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB). Um total de 15 suínos machos castrados (22,75 ± 1,58 kg) foram alojados em baias de metabolismo e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos: 15,5%, 18,3% e 21,0% de PB, designados T15, T18 e T21, respectivamente. Houve um aumento gradual da temperatura nos primeiros três dias de 25 para 29,1 ± 2,3 °C. Do d18 ao d20 do experimento, os suínos receberam a mesma dieta (18% PB) e as condições termoneutras foram restabelecidas (22,9 ± 1,9 ºC). Houve maiores valores de nitrogênio urinário, excretado e absorvido em T21, seguido de T18 e T15. Os níveis de uréia no sangue foram maiores nos tratamentos com níveis mais elevados de proteína. No d4 (período de adaptação), os níveis de colesterol foram maiores no grupo T15 do que no grupo T21, o poder antioxidante do valor de redução do ferro foi menor no grupo T18 do que no grupo T21. Os produtos proteicos de oxidação avançada (AOPP) no dia 16 foram maiores no grupo T15, associados ao acúmulo de estresse térmico e dietas com menor PB. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos para T18 com valores de AOPP mais altos em d16 do que em d8 e d12. No entanto, houve maiores valores de AOPP no grupo T21 no d20 (quando o nível de PB foi reduzido para 18%) do que no d8. A suplementação de aminoácidos e a redução da PB na dieta para níveis de 15,5% em leitões criados acima da zona termoneutra melhoraram o uso de PB. Além disso, 15,5% de PB na dieta reduziu a excreção de nitrogênio urinário. A retenção de N não foi afetada pelo nível de PB da dieta, usando o conceito de proteína ideal. O uso de 21%-PB na dieta evitou de forma eficiente a exacerbação da oxidação de proteínas em suínos criados acima da termoneutralidade.Research, Society and Development2021-01-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1134510.33448/rsd-v10i1.11345Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 1; e21210111345Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 1; e21210111345Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 1; e212101113452525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIenghttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11345/10420Copyright (c) 2021 Stela Cássia de Oliveira; Mayla Regina Souza; Rafael Alan Baggio; Jhonatan Pazinato Boito; Tiago J Pasquetti; Tania Mara Batista dos Santos; Rafael Noal Moresco; Aleksandro Schafer da Silva; Diovani Paianohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOliveira, Stela Cássia de Souza, Mayla ReginaBaggio, Rafael AlanBoito, Jhonatan Pazinato Pasquetti, Tiago JSantos, Tania Mara Batista dos Moresco, Rafael Noal Silva, Aleksandro Schafer daPaiano, Diovani2021-02-20T21:19:23Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/11345Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:33:11.876955Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance Cerdos alimentados con varios niveles de proteína cruda y criados por encima de la zona termoneutral: efectos sobre el metabolismo de las proteínas y el equilibrio de nitrógeno Suínos alimentados com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e criados acima da zona termoneutra: efeitos no metabolismo de proteínas e equilíbrio de nitrogênio |
title |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
spellingShingle |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance Oliveira, Stela Cássia de Aminoácidos Digestibilidade Proteína de oxidação Suíno Termoneutralidade Ureia. Amino acids Digestibility Oxidation protein Swine Thermoneutrality Urea. Aminoácidos Digestibilidad Proteína de oxidación Cerdo Termoneutralidad Urea. |
title_short |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
title_full |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
title_fullStr |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
title_sort |
Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance |
author |
Oliveira, Stela Cássia de |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Stela Cássia de Souza, Mayla Regina Baggio, Rafael Alan Boito, Jhonatan Pazinato Pasquetti, Tiago J Santos, Tania Mara Batista dos Moresco, Rafael Noal Silva, Aleksandro Schafer da Paiano, Diovani |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Souza, Mayla Regina Baggio, Rafael Alan Boito, Jhonatan Pazinato Pasquetti, Tiago J Santos, Tania Mara Batista dos Moresco, Rafael Noal Silva, Aleksandro Schafer da Paiano, Diovani |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Stela Cássia de Souza, Mayla Regina Baggio, Rafael Alan Boito, Jhonatan Pazinato Pasquetti, Tiago J Santos, Tania Mara Batista dos Moresco, Rafael Noal Silva, Aleksandro Schafer da Paiano, Diovani |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Aminoácidos Digestibilidade Proteína de oxidação Suíno Termoneutralidade Ureia. Amino acids Digestibility Oxidation protein Swine Thermoneutrality Urea. Aminoácidos Digestibilidad Proteína de oxidación Cerdo Termoneutralidad Urea. |
topic |
Aminoácidos Digestibilidade Proteína de oxidação Suíno Termoneutralidade Ureia. Amino acids Digestibility Oxidation protein Swine Thermoneutrality Urea. Aminoácidos Digestibilidad Proteína de oxidación Cerdo Termoneutralidad Urea. |
description |
We evaluated performance, nutrient balance, nitrogen balance, and serum parameters in pigs in the nursery phase raised in environmental conditions above the thermoneutral zone that were fed with diets containing various levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 15 barrows (22.75 ± 1.58 kg) were housed in metabolism pens and distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: 15.5%, 18.3%, and 21.0% of CP, designated T15, T18, and T21, respectively. There was a gradual increase of temperature over the first three days from 25 to 29.1 ± 2.3 °C. From d18 to d20 of the experiment, pigs received the same diet (18% CP) and thermoneutral conditions were reestablished (22.9 ± 1.9 ºC). There were higher values of urinary, excreted, and absorbed nitrogen in T21, followed by T18 and T15. Blood urea levels were higher in treatments with higher protein levels. On d4 (adaptation period), cholesterol levels were higher in the T15 group than in the T21 group, antioxidant power of iron reduction values were lower in the T18 group than the T21 group. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on day 16 were higher in the T15 group, associated with the accumulation of heat stress and lower CP diets. Similar results were obtained for T18 with higher AOPP values on d16 than on d8 and d12. However, there were greater AOPP values in the T21 group on d20 (when the CP level was reduced to 18%) than on d8. Amino acid supplementation and reduction of CP in the diet to levels of 15.5% in piglets raised above the thermoneutral zone improved the use of CP. Furthermore, 15.5% of CP in the diet reduced the excretion of urinary nitrogen. The N-retention was not affected by dietary CP level, using the ideal protein concept. The use of 21%-CP in the diet efficiently avoided exacerbation of protein oxidation for pigs raised above thermoneutrality. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-01-08 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11345 10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11345 |
url |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11345 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11345 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11345/10420 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 1; e21210111345 Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 1; e21210111345 Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 1; e21210111345 2525-3409 reponame:Research, Society and Development instname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) instacron:UNIFEI |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
instacron_str |
UNIFEI |
institution |
UNIFEI |
reponame_str |
Research, Society and Development |
collection |
Research, Society and Development |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
rsd.articles@gmail.com |
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1797052667276558336 |