Relation between genetic polymorphism and broncopulmonary dysplasia: a narrative review

• Autor(a) principal: Santos Neto, Teobaldo Ivo dos
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Garcia, Bianca Portela, Sousa, Icaro Araújo de, Nobrega Neto, Antônio de Pádua Rocha, Araujo, Thiago de Souza Lopes, Souza, Luan Kelves Miranda de
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Research, Society and Development
• Texto Completo: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32037
• topic: Displasia broncopulmonar; Polimorfismo genético; Recém-nascido prematuro.; Displasia broncopulmonar; Polimorfismo genético; Recién nacido prematuro.; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Genetic polymorphism; Premature newborn.

Genetic polymorphisms are characterized by variation in specific DNA sequences, with the presence of two or more variant forms in more than 1% of the population. The presence of polymorphisms does not always determine the development of a disease, however, they can influence risk factors associated with diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic neonatal lung disease characterized by a need to implement oxygen as well as ventilatory support in the first 28 days of life. Because it is multifactorial, both the early diagnosis and the treatment of BPD is difficult, the study of genetic polymorphisms associated with BPD can be useful for identifying molecular targets that can be used to prevent or treat BPD. The aim of this study was to carry out a narrative review about the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A search was performed in the VHL, PubMed and Scielo databases using the descriptors: “bronchopulmonary dysplasia”, “genetic polymorphism” and “premature newborn”. After using filters, abstracts and text of the articles, 26 articles were selected for this study. Although knowledge about the pathogenesis of BPD has increased significantly in recent years, not all mechanisms that lead to lung damage are fully understood, which explains the search for new therapeutic approaches, such as cell therapy, use of natural antioxidants that have been shown to be effective in preliminary studies. In this review, we demonstrate nine polymorphisms that are related to an increased risk of developing BPD in preterm infants.