Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Silva, Leonardo Linhares Miler da
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: Garrido, Rodrigo Grazinoli
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Research, Society and Development
Texto Completo: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18853
Resumo: Pesticides or agrochemicals are chemical substances used in agriculture, because they have activity on countless living organisms that are harmful to crops. In this context, the organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds are of great relevance, due to the human intoxication of medical importance and environmental contamination. The objective of this work is to systematize information, contextualizing the problem in a critical way with emphasis on ecotoxicology and it’s medical consequences, associated with the use of organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted, outlined by searching for scientific articles and bibliographies about such compounds in the main international electronic repositories. The descriptors used for the search were: pesticides, agrochemicals, organochlorines, organophosphorus, toxicity, diagnosis, treatment, and environmental impact. Diagnosis is mostly clinical, but laboratory tests for evaluation/diagnosis can be performed, such as determination of erythrocyte cholinesterase (AChE) activity and plasma cholinesterase (BChE), for prognostic/monitoring purposes in chronic cases. Other tests may also be requested for analysis and investigation. The therapeutic protocol in cases of organophosphate intoxication consists of the administration of drugs with antagonistic activity to the substances, such as atropine and oximes, activated charcoal, anticonvulsant/neuroprotective drugs, and intensive care when necessary. However, there is no definitive treatment for organochlorine toxicity. Despite their high toxicity to the environment and to life forms, organophosphate compounds continue to be used for agricultural pest control, while organochlorines are used for vector control/disease dissemination. Moreover, such compounds are associated with occupational accidents and suicide.
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spelling Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexesOrganofosforados y organoclorados: toxicología médica y reflejos medioambientalesOrganofosforados e organoclorados: toxicologia médica e reflexos ambientaisPesticidasAgrotóxicosOrganocloradosOrganofosforadosToxicidadeDiagnósticoTratamentoImpacto ambiental.PesticidesAgrochemicalsOrganochlorinesOrganophosphorusToxicityDiagnosisTreatmentEnvironmental impact.PlaguicidasAgroquímicosOrganocloradosOrganofosforadosToxicidadDiagnósticoTratamientoImpacto ambiental.Pesticides or agrochemicals are chemical substances used in agriculture, because they have activity on countless living organisms that are harmful to crops. In this context, the organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds are of great relevance, due to the human intoxication of medical importance and environmental contamination. The objective of this work is to systematize information, contextualizing the problem in a critical way with emphasis on ecotoxicology and it’s medical consequences, associated with the use of organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted, outlined by searching for scientific articles and bibliographies about such compounds in the main international electronic repositories. The descriptors used for the search were: pesticides, agrochemicals, organochlorines, organophosphorus, toxicity, diagnosis, treatment, and environmental impact. Diagnosis is mostly clinical, but laboratory tests for evaluation/diagnosis can be performed, such as determination of erythrocyte cholinesterase (AChE) activity and plasma cholinesterase (BChE), for prognostic/monitoring purposes in chronic cases. Other tests may also be requested for analysis and investigation. The therapeutic protocol in cases of organophosphate intoxication consists of the administration of drugs with antagonistic activity to the substances, such as atropine and oximes, activated charcoal, anticonvulsant/neuroprotective drugs, and intensive care when necessary. However, there is no definitive treatment for organochlorine toxicity. Despite their high toxicity to the environment and to life forms, organophosphate compounds continue to be used for agricultural pest control, while organochlorines are used for vector control/disease dissemination. Moreover, such compounds are associated with occupational accidents and suicide.Los plaguicidas o agroquímicos son sustancias químicas utilizadas en la agricultura, por poseer actividad sobre innumerables organismos vivos perjudiciales para los cultivos. En este contexto, los compuestos organofosforados y organoclorados son de gran relevancia, debido a cuadros de intoxicación humana de importancia médica y contaminación ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo es sistematizar la información, contextualizando el problema de forma crítica con énfasis en la ecotoxicología y sus consecuencias médicas, asociadas al uso de compuestos organofosforados y organoclorados. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, esbozada mediante la búsqueda de artículos científicos y bibliográficos sobre dichos compuestos en los principales repositorios electrónicos internacionales. Los descriptores utilizados para la búsqueda fueron: plaguicidas, agroquímicos, organoclorados, organofosforados, toxicidad, diagnóstico, tratamiento y impacto ambiental. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico, pero pueden realizarse pruebas laboratoriales para la evaluación/diagnóstico, como la determinación de actividad de la colinesterasa eritrocitaria (AChE) y colinesterasa plasmática (BChE) con fines de prognóstico/seguimiento en casos crónicos. También se pueden solicitar otras pruebas para análisis y investigación. El protocolo terapéutico en casos de intoxicación por organofosforados consiste en la administración de fármacos con actividad antagonista a las sustancias, como atropina y oximas, carbón activado, fármacos anticonvulsivos/neuroprotectores y cuidados intensivos cuando necesario. Sin embargo, no existe tratamiento definitivo relacionado con la toxicidad por organoclorados. A pesar de su elevada toxicidad para el medio ambiente y las formas de vida, los compuestos organofosforados siguen utilizándose para combatir las plagas agrícolas, mientras que los organoclorados se emplean para el control de vectores y  diseminación de enfermedades. Además, estos compuestos están asociados a los accidentes laborales y también a suicidios.Os pesticidas ou agrotóxicos são substâncias químicas utilizadas na agricultura, por possuir atividade sobre inúmeros organismos vivos prejudiciais às culturas. Neste âmbito, os compostos organofosforados e organoclorados apresentam grande relevância, devido a quadros de intoxicação humana de importância médica e contaminação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma sistematização de informações, contextualizando a problemática de forma crítica com ênfase na ecotoxicologia e seus reflexos médicos, associados ao uso de compostos organofosforados e organocloradosrevisão bibliográfica narrativa, delineada pela busca de artigos científicos e bibliografias sobre tais compostos nos principais repositórios eletrônicos internacionais. Os descritores utilizados para busca foram: pesticidas, agrotóxicos, organoclorados, organofosforados, toxicidade, diagnóstico, tratamento e impacto ambiental. O diagnóstico é majoritariamente clínico, porém, análises laboratoriais para avaliação/diagnóstico podem ser realizadas, como a determinação de atividade da colinesterase eritrocitária (AChE) e colinesterase plasmática (BChE), para fins de prognóstico/monitoramento em casos crônicos. Outros exames também podem ser solicitados para análise e investigação. O protocolo terapêutico seguido em casos de intoxicação por organofosforados constitui-se na administração de drogas com atividade antagonista às substâncias, como a atropina e as oximas, carvão ativado, drogas anticonvulsivantes/neuroprotetoras e cuidados intensivos quando necessários. Entretanto, não há nenhum tipo de tratamento definitivo relacionado à toxicidade por organoclorados. Apesar de possuir grande toxicidade ambiental e às formas de vida, os compostos organofosforados continuam sendo utilizados para o combate a pragas agrícolas, enquanto os organoclorados para o controle vetorial/disseminação de doenças. Ademais, tais compostos estão associados a acidentes ocupacionais e também a suicídios.Research, Society and Development2021-08-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/1885310.33448/rsd-v10i10.18853Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 10; e313101018853Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 10; e313101018853Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 10; e3131010188532525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIporhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18853/16870Copyright (c) 2021 Leonardo Linhares Miler da Silva; Rodrigo Grazinoli Garridohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSilva, Leonardo Linhares Miler daGarrido, Rodrigo Grazinoli2021-10-02T21:49:16Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/18853Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:38:53.383673Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
Organofosforados y organoclorados: toxicología médica y reflejos medioambientales
Organofosforados e organoclorados: toxicologia médica e reflexos ambientais
title Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
spellingShingle Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
Silva, Leonardo Linhares Miler da
Pesticidas
Agrotóxicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidade
Diagnóstico
Tratamento
Impacto ambiental.
Pesticides
Agrochemicals
Organochlorines
Organophosphorus
Toxicity
Diagnosis
Treatment
Environmental impact.
Plaguicidas
Agroquímicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidad
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Impacto ambiental.
title_short Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
title_full Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
title_fullStr Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
title_full_unstemmed Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
title_sort Organophosphorus and organochlorines: medical toxicology and environmental reflexes
author Silva, Leonardo Linhares Miler da
author_facet Silva, Leonardo Linhares Miler da
Garrido, Rodrigo Grazinoli
author_role author
author2 Garrido, Rodrigo Grazinoli
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Silva, Leonardo Linhares Miler da
Garrido, Rodrigo Grazinoli
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Pesticidas
Agrotóxicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidade
Diagnóstico
Tratamento
Impacto ambiental.
Pesticides
Agrochemicals
Organochlorines
Organophosphorus
Toxicity
Diagnosis
Treatment
Environmental impact.
Plaguicidas
Agroquímicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidad
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Impacto ambiental.
topic Pesticidas
Agrotóxicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidade
Diagnóstico
Tratamento
Impacto ambiental.
Pesticides
Agrochemicals
Organochlorines
Organophosphorus
Toxicity
Diagnosis
Treatment
Environmental impact.
Plaguicidas
Agroquímicos
Organoclorados
Organofosforados
Toxicidad
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Impacto ambiental.
description Pesticides or agrochemicals are chemical substances used in agriculture, because they have activity on countless living organisms that are harmful to crops. In this context, the organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds are of great relevance, due to the human intoxication of medical importance and environmental contamination. The objective of this work is to systematize information, contextualizing the problem in a critical way with emphasis on ecotoxicology and it’s medical consequences, associated with the use of organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds. To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted, outlined by searching for scientific articles and bibliographies about such compounds in the main international electronic repositories. The descriptors used for the search were: pesticides, agrochemicals, organochlorines, organophosphorus, toxicity, diagnosis, treatment, and environmental impact. Diagnosis is mostly clinical, but laboratory tests for evaluation/diagnosis can be performed, such as determination of erythrocyte cholinesterase (AChE) activity and plasma cholinesterase (BChE), for prognostic/monitoring purposes in chronic cases. Other tests may also be requested for analysis and investigation. The therapeutic protocol in cases of organophosphate intoxication consists of the administration of drugs with antagonistic activity to the substances, such as atropine and oximes, activated charcoal, anticonvulsant/neuroprotective drugs, and intensive care when necessary. However, there is no definitive treatment for organochlorine toxicity. Despite their high toxicity to the environment and to life forms, organophosphate compounds continue to be used for agricultural pest control, while organochlorines are used for vector control/disease dissemination. Moreover, such compounds are associated with occupational accidents and suicide.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-12
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18853
10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18853
url https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18853
identifier_str_mv 10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18853
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18853/16870
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Leonardo Linhares Miler da Silva; Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Leonardo Linhares Miler da Silva; Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 No. 10; e313101018853
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 10 Núm. 10; e313101018853
Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 10; e313101018853
2525-3409
reponame:Research, Society and Development
instname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
instacron:UNIFEI
instname_str Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
instacron_str UNIFEI
institution UNIFEI
reponame_str Research, Society and Development
collection Research, Society and Development
repository.name.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv rsd.articles@gmail.com
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