Metabolic alterations resulting from the use of hormonal contraceptives: an integrative literature review

• Autor(a) principal: Figueiredo, Bárbara Queiroz de
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Gomes, Ana Carolina Barbosa de Souza, Silva, Isabella Messias da, Lima, Isabelle Carvalho de Melo, Sousa, Lunalva Gabrielli Veras, Oliveira, Matheus Rodrigues, Gomes, Mileny Dyulia Dias, Carneiro, Paulo Victor Martins, Segundo, Raylton Jansen e Silva
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Research, Society and Development
• Texto Completo: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/21628
• topic: Anticoncepcionais; anticoncepcionais; Estrogênio; estrogênio; progesterona; Progesterona; Tromboembolismo; tromboembolismo; alterações metabólicas; Alterações metabólicas.; Anticonceptivos; Estrógeno; Progesterona; Tromboembolismo; Cambios metabólicos.; Contraceptives; Estrogen; Progesterone; Thromboembolism; Metabolic changes.

Introduction: The most common adverse effect of combined oral contraceptive pills is bleeding. Women also complain of nausea, headaches, abdominal cramps, breast tenderness, and increased vaginal discharge or decreased libido. However, different combinations of pills show different trends in obstruction of vessel coagulation (risk of venous thrombosis), changes in lipid metabolic pathways, coagulation cascade, insulin sensitivity and vasoactive properties. Objective: to explain about the possible metabolic changes resulting from the use of hormonal contraceptives. Methodology: this is a descriptive research of the integrative literature review type, through online access in the PubMed, Scielo, CDSR, Google Scholar, BVS and EBSCO databases, in October 2021. Results and discussion: the users of hormonal contraceptives that contain estrogen are at greater risk of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism, given that, under normal conditions, the coagulation system maintains the pro-coagulant and anticoagulant systems in dynamic balance, and estrogens, especially the ethinylestradiol component, affect these two systems according to dose. In addition, changes in the composition of plasma lipids produced by estrogens are characterized by an increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), a slight reduction in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and a decrease in total plasma cholesterol levels. Furthermore, estrogens increase blood clotting. Conclusion: most combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of venous thrombosis and other metabolic changes, and the size of the effect depends on the progestin used and the dose of ethinylestradiol.