Disponibilidade, pré-tratamento de matéria prima e projeto de reator a explosão a vapor para produção de E2G

• Autor(a) principal: SILVA, Márcio Costa Pinto
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UNIFACS
• Texto Completo: http://teste.tede.unifacs.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/454
• topic: Cana-de-açúcar; Etanol; Energia; Pré-Tratamento; Reator; Análise de risco; Engenharias

Brazil presented in 2014 an internal supply of energy, for Gross National Product (GDP), less than in 1970. To meet growing Brazilian demand for energy, based on an annual GDP growth of 4.0%, the country will need in 15 years, duplicate the capacity of its generating facilities. On the other hand, Brazil has the highest percentage of renewable energy use in the world, accounting for 41% in the matrix. Biomass from sugarcane has the largest representation from renewables, with 16.1% of the total energy produced. The arising energy biomass sugarcane grew 16.5% between 2012 and 2013, but has not been explored in the full. There is availability of arable space, and especially the use of biomass in its entirety, which is currently considered an agricultural waste. In sugarcane, bagasse and straw concentrate about 30% of the plant's energy. The technology for second generation ethanol production (E2G), is already a reality. Moreover, research is needed to make the best use of these residues, particularly in improving techniques for pre-treatment and hydrolysis. This work focused on the step of pre-treatment using the explosion steam to release the cellulose and subsequent production of E2G. The objective was to analyze the availability of the residue sugarcane until 2020 and designing a laboratory reactor to optimize the step of pre-treatment using high pressure steam, low residence time so as to minimizing the generation of by-products that will interfere with the performance of the following steps. Due to the severity of the operation it was made a risk analysis to ensure the integrity of the systems and operator. Risk analysis showed that the main deviation was increased reactor pressure. This parameter was tabulated along with the list of the main direct and indirect causes of this shift and resulted in the installation of a double interlock safety. The methodology was based on literature review and use of software to calculate the stresses on the wall of the reactor.