Efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre características agronômicas e qualidade do óleo da cultura de crambe

• Autor(a) principal: Aguiar, Caroline Mariana de
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2732
• topic: Crambe abyssinica; Fósforo; Produtividade; Composição de ácidos graxos; Antioxidantes; Extração supercrítica; Crambe abyssinica; Phosphorus; Yield; Fatty acids composition; Antioxidants; Supercritical extraction; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Crambe stands out for its rusticity, yield potential, and oil quality and capacity. However, literature about the plant s development considering phosphate fertilization is still insipient, as well as studies to throroughly evaluate phosphorus effect in the oil quality, including research about carotenoids, chlorophylls, phenol and antioxidant activity. In addition, the method of vegetable oil extraction can influence its composition, particularly the supercritical CO2 method, which shows economic and environmental advantages in, by extracting compounds with high added value without creating solvent residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization on parameters in pre-flowering and in post-harvest periods. Moreover, the effects of phosphorus dosage were evaluated on the fatty acids composition, minority compounds and total antioxidant activity of crambe oil extracted with hexane, as well as water content and acid index. The experiment was carried out with randomized blocks with five treatments (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5), and four repetitions. In order to compare the extraction method on the quality of the oil extracted by Soxhlet (hexane) and supercritical CO2, samples of grain with 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were used to determine minor components, color, oxidative stability and total antioxidant activity of extracted oils. The phosphorus effect on crambe plants and oil characteristics were evaluated through Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson correlation and covariance analysis at 5% significance. In order to compare oil extraction methods, the paired t-test was used at 5% significance level. The crambe plants respond to phosphate fertilizer regarding to foliar nitrogen and potassium contents, a thousand grain weight, grain and oil yields. There was no significant effect of treatments on parameters such as leaf phosphorus content, plants height, dry and fresh weight in pre-flowering period, and plants height, number of capsules per plant in post-harvest period. Positive association of treatments was observed with phytosterols and carotenoids levels, but negative with total antioxidant activity. Total tocopherols, total fatty acids, phenolic compounds and chlorophyll a were not affected by applied doses. About P correlation with tocopherols, fatty acids and phytosterols individually, it was observed that δ-tocopherol and palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) showed negative and positive association with the doses, respectively. Phytosterols was associated with linear positive (stigmasterol) and quadratic (β-sitosterol). Campesterol was quantified only at 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 dose. These results suggest increased concentrations of antioxidants when phosphorus fertilization was used. The extraction yields were 5.67% and 33.86% for CO2 and hexane, respectively. The oil extracted with CO2 showed higher concentration of free fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and phenolic compounds and lower concentration of carotenoids when compared to hexane extracted oil. The antioxidant activity was higher in the oil extracted with CO2, but it was less stable than the oil that was extracted with hexane. The free fatty acids concentrations and carotenoids were associated with reduced oxidation stability of the oil extracted with CO2. The phytosterol concentrations, tocopherols and phenolic were associated with a higher antioxidant activity of this oil. Chlorophyll a was not detected in oil extracted by CO2 and the oil color extracted with hexane was more intense yellow due to its higher pigment concentration. The CO2 was more selective in relation to tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolic compounds when compared to the Soxhlet method.