Respostas de crescimento, fisiológicas, anatômicas e nutricionais de Maranta Sobolifera L. Anderson a luminosidade e a textura do solo

• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Jaqueline de Araújo
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6041
• topic: Plasticidade; Anatomia; Fisiologia; Planta daninha; CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS:AGRONOMIA

The species Maranta sobolifera L. Andersson (Caetê) can be easily found in areas of the Atlantic Forest, mainly in humid places with reduced sun exposure. However, the species has spread in areas not common to its natural habitat, such as agricultural areas, mainly in the western region of Paraná, and the lack of information about the species has made management difficult. This work aims to evaluate the growth, physiological, anatomical and nutritional changes of Maranta sobolifera, in response to changes in sunlight exposure and different soil textures. Two experiments were carried out from October to April 2018/2019 (experiment 1) and July to January 2019/2020 (experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots, where the main plots corresponded to luminosity (50% shade or full sun) and the subplots to soil textures (clay texture and sandy texture). Obtaining M. sobolifera was performed by transplanting rhizomes with up to 4 pairs of buds. From the experiments, growth information and morphological description were obtained over time; gas exchange index; photosynthetic curve and chlorophyll content; anatomical aspects and anatomical description; nutrient content. Cultivated in full sun, the plants showed less development of the aerial part, with a reduction of 24% in dry mass of the aerial part compared to shaded plants. However, in the same light condition, the plants invested in an underground system, with a difference of 48% of the dry mass compared to the shaded plants. In full sun, the species showed 29% lower photosynthesis compared to shaded plants. In terms of anatomy, the species grown in full sun showed 20% lower leaf blade thickness compared to shaded plants. Lower nutrient content was observed in plants grown in full sun. In the leaves, a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed in up to 36%, 38% and 47.11%, respectively. Plants grown in sandy textured soil reduced the total dry mass by up to 15% compared to plants grown in clayey textured soil, in addition to reducing the photosynthetic rate by 16%. The root system anatomy showed a smaller root cortex thickness by 22% in plants grown in clayey soil compared to sandy soil in full sun, in addition to a lower number of vascular bundles in the central cylinder by 16% and 21 % in shaded and full sun plants, respectively. The nutrient content was lower in plants grown in sandy textured soil. In the leaves, reductions of up to 19% for nitrogen and 50% for phosphorus were observed. Potassium content was impaired only in the stems, being 24% lower in plants grown in sandy textured soil compared to clayey soil. Despite being adapted to shaded areas, the species presents changes in growth, physiological, anatomical characteristics, and changes in nutrient content, when it develops in areas with higher incidence of solar exposure (full sun). The clayey soil texture provided better development conditions for the species.