Adsorção de íons metálicos utilizando a casca da semente de castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) como biossorvente

• Autor(a) principal: Casarin, Juliana
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1248
• topic: Biossorção; Contaminação hídrica; Metais pesados; Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.; Sustentabilidade; Biosorption; Water contamination; Heavy metals; Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.; Sustainability; CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS:AGRONOMIA

The present work proposes the use of the bark of Bertholletia excelsa HBK, a residue of the beneficiation of Brazil nut, as biossorvente in removal of metal ions toxic cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) of contaminated water, as an alternative to conventional methods of available treatments. The characterization of biosorbent was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the point of zero charge (pHPCZ). After that, adsorption tests were performed aiming to determine the ideal conditions of pH, mass of adsorbent and contact time for the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated by the models of pseudo first model, pseudo second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion. From the obtained results, isotherms of adsorption were built for each metal, which were linearized as mathematical models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich. To compare the natural adsorbents with a commercial adsorbent were performed comparative studies with the activated coal. In addition, we evaluated the ability of desorption of the materials and the influence of temperature on adsorption process of metals under study by bark of B. excelsa HBK. The characterization of biosorbent through SEM showed a roughness surface, showing important characteristics of adsorption. From the FT-IR was possible identify compounds such as lignin and cellulose, which favour the adsorption process. The pHPCZ obtained was 4.1. The tests of mass demonstrated that 12 g L-1 of biossorvente are sufficient for an effective removal of metal ions Cd, Pb and Cr in solution, and 8 g L-1 for the ions Cu and Zn. With respect to the pH values of the solution, there was no difference among them, being that the higher removed quantity obtained at pH 5.0. The time for dynamic equilibrium was found at 60 minutes. The application of kinetic models suggests the limiting factor for the adsorption of these metal ions may be the chemisorption. The equilibrium isotherms were obtained based on pre-established optimal conditions for each metal and the mathematical adjustments were performed by mathematical models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). The mathematical models that best adjusted for adsorption in bark of Brazil nut was Dubinin-Radushkevich for Cr and Cu, Freundlich and Langmuir for Cr for all the ions studied, and thus estimate the parameter maximum capacity of adsorption (Qm) provided by this model, being Cr = 12.69; Pb = 10.77; Cd = 7.45, Zn = 4.86 and Cu = 3.92 mg g-1. The negative value for variation of free energy (ΔG) obtained by means of thermodynamic studies for adsorption of metals Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn is an indication of a spontaneous process and favorable, in the case of Pb2+, the values of ΔG reported that there was no absorption of energy for the formation of products, so that the reaction is not spontaneous. The results showed that the biosorbent from bark of Brazil nut may constitute a sustainable alternative for low cost, by not having suffered prior treatment and because it is a dried grape byproduct in removal of metal ions present in waters