Manobra de desobstrução de vias aéreas: conhecimento de professores de centros municipais de educação infantil

• Autor(a) principal: Langwinski, Adriano
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6700
• topic: Obstrução das vias aéreas; Professores; Conhecimento; Educação infantil; Educación de la primera infância; Airway Obstruction; Teachers; Knowledge; Early childhood education; Obstrucción de la vía aérea; Docentes; Conocimiento; EDUCACAO::ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM

The leading cause of accidental death in Brazil in children aged 0 to 4 years old is foreign body airway obstruction. Data from the Paraná Fire Department show that between 2010 and 2018, 2103 children who were victims of airway obstruction, aged 0 to 4 years old, were assisted in the state. It is in the age group from 0 to 3 years and 11 months old that children attend the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education - CMEI - and are under the responsibility of the teachers. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of a training course for the development of Heimlich Maneuver application skill, also known as abdominal thrusts, among the CMEI teachers of São Miguel do Iguaçu Municipality, western Paraná. This is a quantitative research, with quasi-experimental design, whose instrument for data collection was a questionnaire of thirty questions, consisting of closed-ended, trichotomous and multiple-choice questions with showcase and also Likert-like questions. The questionnaire was applied to teachers before and after an intervention, which constituted a theoretical and practical training on the Heimlich maneuver. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. The analysis of the socio-demographic profile showed that 30.63% of the teachers are hired as interns. Teaching training courses do not offer first-aid subjects in their syllabus as it is not a requirement. A total of 57.66% of teachers reported having attended some first aid training course (p = 0.031). Most teachers (76.56%; p <0.0001) stated that they would be able to act partially in cases of airway obstruction in children. Before training, 70.27% of teachers demonstrated to recognize the importance of identifying the activity performed by the child when signs of airway obstruction appear. After training, the percentage increased to 86.49% (p = 0.004). Specifically about the airway clearance technique, after the intervention there were high percentages of hits. Regarding the number of spankings between the scapulae indicated for children under one year of age, there was an increase in the number of hits by 57.66% (p <0.001) compared to the pretest. The post-test results showed that the intervention measure was effective, considerably increasing the number of correct answers (with statistical significance), which points to the positive effect of the training offered to teachers. The study concluded that the intervention, which was a training on airway clearance with a theoretical and practical approach, improved teachers' knowledge regarding the technique of airway clearance in children.