Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211067721 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/234336 |
Resumo: | Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gradient and speed on running variability (RV) and local dynamic stability (LDS) during uphill running. Hypotheses: (1) Both gradient and speed increase metabolic effort, in terms of heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (CR10), in line with the contemporary literature, and (2) gradient increases RV and impairs LDS. Study design: “Crossover” observational design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 25 runners completed 10-minute running trials in 3 different conditions and in a randomized order: gradient at 0% (0CON), 2% (2CON), and 2% at isoefficiency speed (2IES). 0CON and 2CON speeds were calculated as the “best 10-km race performance” minus 1 km·h−1, whereas 2IES speed was adjusted to induce the same metabolic expenditure as 0CON. HR and perceived exertion as well as running kinematic variables were collected across all trials and conditions. Running variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the mean stride-to-stride intervals over 100 strides, while LDS was expressed by the Lyapunov exponent (LyE) determined on running cycle time over different running conditions. Results: Increases in HR and CR10 were observed between 0CON and 2CON (P < 0.001) and between 2IES and 2CON (P < 0.01). Higher RV was found in 2CON compared with 0CON and 2IES (both P < 0.001). Finally, the largest LyE was observed in 2IES compared with 0CON and 2CON (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Whereas RV seems to be dependent more on metabolic effort, LDS is affected by gradient to a greater extent. Clinical Relevance: Running variability could be used to monitor external training load in marathon runners. |
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Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
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spelling |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variabilityendurance runnersgaitmetabolic demandperceived exertionstride-to-strideBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gradient and speed on running variability (RV) and local dynamic stability (LDS) during uphill running. Hypotheses: (1) Both gradient and speed increase metabolic effort, in terms of heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (CR10), in line with the contemporary literature, and (2) gradient increases RV and impairs LDS. Study design: “Crossover” observational design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 25 runners completed 10-minute running trials in 3 different conditions and in a randomized order: gradient at 0% (0CON), 2% (2CON), and 2% at isoefficiency speed (2IES). 0CON and 2CON speeds were calculated as the “best 10-km race performance” minus 1 km·h−1, whereas 2IES speed was adjusted to induce the same metabolic expenditure as 0CON. HR and perceived exertion as well as running kinematic variables were collected across all trials and conditions. Running variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the mean stride-to-stride intervals over 100 strides, while LDS was expressed by the Lyapunov exponent (LyE) determined on running cycle time over different running conditions. Results: Increases in HR and CR10 were observed between 0CON and 2CON (P < 0.001) and between 2IES and 2CON (P < 0.01). Higher RV was found in 2CON compared with 0CON and 2IES (both P < 0.001). Finally, the largest LyE was observed in 2IES compared with 0CON and 2CON (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Whereas RV seems to be dependent more on metabolic effort, LDS is affected by gradient to a greater extent. Clinical Relevance: Running variability could be used to monitor external training load in marathon runners.Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health Università degli Studi di Milano, MilanThe Academic College at WingateHuman Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physics “E. Pancini ” University of Naples “Federico II,”CNR-SPIN InstituteSchool of Exercise and Sport Science Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of VeronaSchool of Health and Life Sciences University of the West of ScotlandHuman Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)Università degli Studi di MilanoThe Academic College at WingateUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)” University of Naples “Federico II,”CNR-SPIN InstituteUniversity of VeronaUniversity of the West of ScotlandPadulo, JohnnyAyalon, MosheBarbieri, Fabio A. [UNESP]Di Capua, RobertoDoria, ChristianArdigò, Luca P.Dello Iacono, Antonio2022-05-01T16:02:24Z2022-05-01T16:02:24Z2022-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211067721Sports Health.1941-09211941-7381http://hdl.handle.net/11449/23433610.1177/194173812110677212-s2.0-85127366916Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengSports Healthinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-04-24T18:53:10Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/234336Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-04-24T18:53:10Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
title |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
spellingShingle |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability Padulo, Johnny endurance runners gait metabolic demand perceived exertion stride-to-stride |
title_short |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
title_full |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
title_sort |
Effects of Gradient and Speed on Uphill Running Gait Variability |
author |
Padulo, Johnny |
author_facet |
Padulo, Johnny Ayalon, Moshe Barbieri, Fabio A. [UNESP] Di Capua, Roberto Doria, Christian Ardigò, Luca P. Dello Iacono, Antonio |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ayalon, Moshe Barbieri, Fabio A. [UNESP] Di Capua, Roberto Doria, Christian Ardigò, Luca P. Dello Iacono, Antonio |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Università degli Studi di Milano The Academic College at Wingate Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ” University of Naples “Federico II,” CNR-SPIN Institute University of Verona University of the West of Scotland |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Padulo, Johnny Ayalon, Moshe Barbieri, Fabio A. [UNESP] Di Capua, Roberto Doria, Christian Ardigò, Luca P. Dello Iacono, Antonio |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
endurance runners gait metabolic demand perceived exertion stride-to-stride |
topic |
endurance runners gait metabolic demand perceived exertion stride-to-stride |
description |
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gradient and speed on running variability (RV) and local dynamic stability (LDS) during uphill running. Hypotheses: (1) Both gradient and speed increase metabolic effort, in terms of heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (CR10), in line with the contemporary literature, and (2) gradient increases RV and impairs LDS. Study design: “Crossover” observational design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 25 runners completed 10-minute running trials in 3 different conditions and in a randomized order: gradient at 0% (0CON), 2% (2CON), and 2% at isoefficiency speed (2IES). 0CON and 2CON speeds were calculated as the “best 10-km race performance” minus 1 km·h−1, whereas 2IES speed was adjusted to induce the same metabolic expenditure as 0CON. HR and perceived exertion as well as running kinematic variables were collected across all trials and conditions. Running variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the mean stride-to-stride intervals over 100 strides, while LDS was expressed by the Lyapunov exponent (LyE) determined on running cycle time over different running conditions. Results: Increases in HR and CR10 were observed between 0CON and 2CON (P < 0.001) and between 2IES and 2CON (P < 0.01). Higher RV was found in 2CON compared with 0CON and 2IES (both P < 0.001). Finally, the largest LyE was observed in 2IES compared with 0CON and 2CON (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Whereas RV seems to be dependent more on metabolic effort, LDS is affected by gradient to a greater extent. Clinical Relevance: Running variability could be used to monitor external training load in marathon runners. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-01T16:02:24Z 2022-05-01T16:02:24Z 2022-01-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211067721 Sports Health. 1941-0921 1941-7381 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/234336 10.1177/19417381211067721 2-s2.0-85127366916 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211067721 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/234336 |
identifier_str_mv |
Sports Health. 1941-0921 1941-7381 10.1177/19417381211067721 2-s2.0-85127366916 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Sports Health |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799964841320906752 |