Influência das células-tronco mesenquimais na regeneração óssea: revisão de literatura

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Angélica Feltrin dos [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149354; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2017-01-26/000840554.pdf
• topic: Regeneração óssea; Ossos; Células-tronco; Células mesenquimais estromais; Bone regeneration

Bone tissue presents an amazing potential for repairing. However, this ability has limitations in the absence of blood supply, in conditions of mechanical instability and the presence of large defects. Large bone defects caused by trauma, infections, cancer and developmental abnormalities do not spontaneously regenerate, representing a problem in medicine and dentistry. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow combined with bone grafts and biomaterials has started a new phase in regenerative dentistry. MSCs are thought to be multipotent cells that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate into lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. They can be obtained from many tissues such as bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord, among others. There are two types of MSCs: the embryonic and the adult MSCs. Embryonic MSCs are derived from the inner mass of the blastocyst and are precursors of all cells of an organism. They can differentiate into any cell type, including germ cells, and are considered totipotent. Adult MSCs are pluripotent and emerge in the late phase of embryogenesis and fetal development. Recently, Behnia et al. (2011) used cultured MSCs combined with platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) for the treatment of patients with cleft palate. After three months, cone beam computed tomography scans were performed and the mean bone volume in bone defect was 51.3%, suggesting that the MSCs / PDGF association can enhance the regenerative capacity of these cells. The aim of this study was to review current evidence supporting the use of MSCs for the enhancement of bone regeneration as well as to discuss the biological rationale for this treatment in regenerative procedures