Ocorrência de fogo no cerrado: uma abordagem de longo prazo usando sensoriamento remoto

• Autor(a) principal: Conciani, Dhemerson [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/156603; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2018-05-22/000900193.pdf
• topic: Ecologia vegetal; Fogo e ecologia; Queimada; Chuvas; Precipitação (Meteorologia); Cerrados; Ecologia humana; Biodiversidade - Conservação; Sensoriamento remoto; Itirapina (SP)

Cerrado savanna is the most diverse tropical savanna in the world and its vegetation can be shaped by fire. Human activities can modify the fire frequency and other of its attributes, changing the natural regime. We aim: i) to reconstruct the history of fire occurrence between 1985 and 2016 on the Ecological Station of Itirapina (EEcl); the Experimental Station (EEI) and a buffer area of seven kilometers around the protected areas, and, ii) to analyze the relation between the temporal and spatial variation of fire and rainfall. We determined the length of the fire season using the MODIS active fire product (MOD14) for the period between 2004-2014. We reconstructed the fire regime by visual interpretation and manual delimitation of burn scars of false color composites of Landsat images from the TM (1985-2011), ETM + (2012-2015) and OLI (2016) sensor, with a spatial resolution of 30m and a temporal resolution of 16 days. Considering the areas that burned at least once during the 32 years, we identified 1,087 ha of burned area in the EEcl (40.61% of its total area), 17,852 ha in the buffer (42.16% of its total area) and, 269 ha in the EEI (8.58% of its total area). The EEcl and the buffer area were the most affected zones by fire during the studied period. When fire was absent during long intervals of time, we observed the occurrence of biggest fires on the EEcl. We observed on the buffer a fire regime characterized by a low interannual variation which is strictly shaped by farming activities, affecting directly the EEcl and the EEI. Contrary to what was expected, we could not establish a strong correlation between the annual burned area and rainfall (R² <0.10, p ≥ 0.05), suggesting a high anthropic influence on fire occurrence. Since fire on the EEcl was mainly determined by anthropic activities in its buffer zone, we suggest the implementation of fire management measures to maintain biodiversity and the conservation of the different...