Consequências ambientais da poluição no Rio Tietê: impacto nas águas dos principais rios da região de Bauru - SP

• Autor(a) principal: Galli, Liliane
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/217776
• topic: Rivers - Pollution; Water contamination; Rios; Esgotos; Peixes; Água Poluição; Toxicologia ambiental; Bauru (SP)

Water is one of the most important substance in our world, considered the most abundant substance found in the earth's crust. The Brazil has a privileged position in the world, in relation to the availability of water resources. However, these waters are evenly distributed throughout the territory and a large amount is contaminated, being unsuitable for human consumption. The State of São Paulo is mostly located in the Paraná River Hydrographic Region, with 22 Water Resources Management Units, 6 of which have the Tietê as their main river. The main rivers in the municipality of Bauru, Bauru and Batalha, are located at UGRHI 13 and 16, respectively, which belong to the Tietê River Hydrographic Basin. An important aspect related to the pollution of the main Brazilian rivers refers to the load of pollutants receies from their taxpayers, especially those that cross urban areas. The Tietê River receives water from a large number of tributaries, making it relevant to assess the quality of these tributaries and investigate their impact on aquatic life. Fish are one of the main living beings affected by river pollution, so they become good indicators of water quality. The present study aimed to analyze the situation of the waters of the main rivers of Bauru-SP and the possible environmental consequences of this pollution in the Tietê River, through a narrative review of the literature. The Bauru River receives all the effluents, domestic and industrial, in natura, and the Batalha River, on the other hand, supplies 40% of the population of the municipality. The water quality and sewage treatment indices, in addition to other factors, point to a situation that requires urgent action by the City Hall, which, however, has been neglecting the completion of the Vargem Limpa sewage treatment plant works. The Environmental Protection Areas (EPA) help to maintain the region's biological diversity, but they are areas that still suffer from the anthropic actions. Ecotoxicological studies help to understand the panorama of these contaminations and, in studies that use fish as bioindicators, they help to diagnose how the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and pesticides is found in the ichthyofauna and the consequences of this in humans. However, there are not many studies of this type for the region of the watersheds of the Batalha River and, especially, the Bauru River. Actions such as investment in treatment plants, inspection of irregular disposal in water bodies, are extremely important, as well as conscious action on the part of the local community. In addition, actions such as environmental education and investment in research projects in the area become fundamental and can help in the monitoring and conservation of water resources.