Bioecologia do parasitoide Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) em ovos de Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)

• Autor(a) principal: Becchi, Luciane Katarine [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151844
• topic: Behaviour; Biology; Bronze bug; Egg parasitoid; Biologia; Comportamento; Eucalyptus; Parasitoide de ovos; Percevejo-bronzeado

The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is an eucalypt sap-sucking, native of Australia, present in Brazil since 2008. Its distribution and dissemination, in aggregate form, was fast in the producing states of eucalyptus, being reported causing damages in plantations in 14 states Brazilians. In 2012, the parasitoid of eggs Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was introduced in the country for laboratory mass-rearing and release into the field for the biological control of the population of the bronze bug. However, there are few studies on a C. noackae biology and behavior and dynamics between the parasitoid and its host. The objective was to determine the thermal requirements and the duration of C. noackae development in eggs of T. peregrinus at different temperatures; to evaluate the parasitism of C. noackae in T. peregrinus eggs at different temperatures and to study, under laboratory conditions, the parasitoid courtship, mating and oviposition behaviour and the parasitism of virgin and mated females of C. noackae on T. peregrinus eggs. The temperature, influenced the development time of C. noackae, observing reduction of the biological cycle (egg-adult) with the increase of the temperature. Females and males of the parasitoid require temperatures above 7.34°C and 7.59°C and accumulation of 298.50 and 289.85 degrees day, respectively, for their development. The viability of emergence was affected by temperature with 20% of parasitoids retained (not emerged) at 30ºC. The temperature also influenced the parasitism of C. noackae in T. peregrinus eggs. Temperatures ranging from 21 to 27ºC were better for the parasitism of C. noackae in eggs of T. peregrinus with the highest rate of parasitism occurs within the first 24h. In the behavioral study of C. noackae, no courtship behavior was observed and only one copula between the couple occurred. Virgins and copulated females found the first host in 15.21 and 17.14 minutes and the next host in 3.85 and 0.86 minutes, respectively. The foraging time and duration of ovipositor insertion into T. peregrinus eggs was 24 and 21 seconds and 5.13 and 3.69 minutes, respectively. Virgins and copulated females of C. noackae inserted the ovipositor more frequently on the sides of the egg and operculum of the T. peregrinus egg. At one hour, more than 50% of T. peregrinus eggs offered to C. noackae females were parasitized, indicating high and rapid parasitism. The sex ratio of 0.00 (virgin females) and 0.68 (females copulated) confirming the arrhenotokous parthenogenesis of C. noackae. Female virgins and copulated C. noackae have similar parasitism capacity in the laboratory, 89%, however, the viability of emergence is lower for copulated females. The results presented in this work can be used for adjustment of techniques for parasitoid mass-rearing and bronze bug management.