Efeito fitotóxico e potencial remediador de três espécies vegetais contaminadas com benzeno

• Autor(a) principal: Medeiros, Thales Augusto de Miranda [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122162
• topic: Benzeno; Fitorremediação; Plantas; Stress oxidativo; Meio ambiente – Contaminação

The environment most directly affected by human contamination is the soil and consequently groundwater. In phytoremediation process, the direct absorption of contaminants in the soil by the roots, prevents contamination of groundwater or to reduce the size of the plume, protecting receptor sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the remedial potential and the indicator responses disorders of three plant species when exposed to benzene. The species used were a monocotyledon (Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf), a eudicotyledon (Impatiens walleriana Hook. F.) and a fern (Pteris vittata L.). To assess the potential remedial were made direct injection testes and benzene mist on the species. Pteris vittata showed low absorption (5.88%) and accumulated mainly in the root, which was also observed by the absence of visual symptoms of phytotoxicity. Impatiens walleriana showed high removal rates of benzene and after suspension of the contamination, the species reacted to the detoxification process and regained stem stiffness and color of the leaves. Brachiaria brizantha did not react to the detoxification process and the end of treatment died. To understand the indicator responses disorders the leaves were removed, processed and fixed according to standard techniques for analysis in a scanning electron microscope to identify changes in the surface of the leaves. The three species showed an increase in stomatal density, after the treatment with benzene injection. The hydrogen peroxide accumulation and cell death indication are responses to the presence of benzene in the leaves. In benzene contamination by mist, the three species showed phytotoxic effects, such as changes in stomatal density and stomatal size. At the end, we have the Impatiens walleriana as a species, which adds more features desirable to phytotechnology. Pteris vittata and B. brizantha don’t showed phytoremediation potential ...