Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: Campos, Estefânia V. R., Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP], Vallim, José Henrique, Proença, Patrícia L. F. [UNESP], Castanha, Rodrigo F., de Castro, Vera L. S. S., Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/208738
Resumo: Background: Ascorbic acid (AA) is a micronutrient essential for the mechanisms of reproduction, growth, and defense in fish. However, the biosynthesis of this micronutrient does not occur in fish, so it must be supplied with food. A difficulty is that plain AA is unstable, due to the effects of light, high temperature, and oxygen, among others. The use of nanoencapsulation may provide protection and preserve the physicochemical characteristics of AA for extended periods of time, decreasing losses due to environmental factors. Method: This study evaluated the protective effect of nanoencapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (chitosan and polycaprolactone) against AA degradation. Evaluation was made of the physicochemical stability of the nanoformulations over time, as well as the toxicological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering behavior, development, and enzymatic activity. For the statistical tests, ANOVA (two-way, significance of p < 0.05) was used. Results: Both nanoparticle formulations showed high encapsulation efficiency and good physicochemical stability during 90 days. Chitosan (CS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with AA had mean diameters of 314 and 303 nm and polydispersity indexes of 0.36 and 0.28, respectively. Both nanosystems provided protection against degradation of AA exposed to an oxidizing agent, compared to plain AA. Total degradation of AA was observed after 7, 20, and 480 min for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. For zebrafish larvae, the LC50 values were 330.7, 57.4, and 179.6 mg/L for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. In toxicity assays using AA at a concentration of 50 mg/L, both types of nanoparticles loaded with AA showed lower toxicity towards the development of the zebrafish, compared to plain AA at the same concentration. Although decreased activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) did not affect the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae in the groups evaluated, it may have been associated with the observed morphometric changes, such as curvature of the tail. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of nanosystems is promising for fish nutritional supplementation in aquaculture. In particular, PCL nanoparticles loaded with AA seemed to be most promising, due to higher protection against AA degradation, as well as lower toxicity to zebrafish, compared to the chitosan nanoparticles. The use of nanotechnology opens new perspectives for aquaculture, enabling the reduction of feed nutrient losses, leading to faster fish growth and improved sustainability of this activity. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
id UNSP_2c4739c251f99a171582f55ae3b49cc0
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/208738
network_acronym_str UNSP
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository_id_str 2946
spelling Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquacultureChitosan nanoparticlesEcotoxicityPolycaprolactone nanoparticlesVitaminZebrafishBackground: Ascorbic acid (AA) is a micronutrient essential for the mechanisms of reproduction, growth, and defense in fish. However, the biosynthesis of this micronutrient does not occur in fish, so it must be supplied with food. A difficulty is that plain AA is unstable, due to the effects of light, high temperature, and oxygen, among others. The use of nanoencapsulation may provide protection and preserve the physicochemical characteristics of AA for extended periods of time, decreasing losses due to environmental factors. Method: This study evaluated the protective effect of nanoencapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (chitosan and polycaprolactone) against AA degradation. Evaluation was made of the physicochemical stability of the nanoformulations over time, as well as the toxicological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering behavior, development, and enzymatic activity. For the statistical tests, ANOVA (two-way, significance of p < 0.05) was used. Results: Both nanoparticle formulations showed high encapsulation efficiency and good physicochemical stability during 90 days. Chitosan (CS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with AA had mean diameters of 314 and 303 nm and polydispersity indexes of 0.36 and 0.28, respectively. Both nanosystems provided protection against degradation of AA exposed to an oxidizing agent, compared to plain AA. Total degradation of AA was observed after 7, 20, and 480 min for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. For zebrafish larvae, the LC50 values were 330.7, 57.4, and 179.6 mg/L for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. In toxicity assays using AA at a concentration of 50 mg/L, both types of nanoparticles loaded with AA showed lower toxicity towards the development of the zebrafish, compared to plain AA at the same concentration. Although decreased activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) did not affect the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae in the groups evaluated, it may have been associated with the observed morphometric changes, such as curvature of the tail. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of nanosystems is promising for fish nutritional supplementation in aquaculture. In particular, PCL nanoparticles loaded with AA seemed to be most promising, due to higher protection against AA degradation, as well as lower toxicity to zebrafish, compared to the chitosan nanoparticles. The use of nanotechnology opens new perspectives for aquaculture, enabling the reduction of feed nutrient losses, leading to faster fish growth and improved sustainability of this activity. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Institute of Science and Technology Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology São Paulo State University (UNESP)Federal University of ABCFaculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety Embrapa EnvironmentInstitute of Science and Technology Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology São Paulo State University (UNESP)Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)FAPESP: 2017/21004-5FAPESP: 2017/24402-1FAPESP: 2018/21142-1Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Federal University of ABCEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]Campos, Estefânia V. R.Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP]Vallim, José HenriqueProença, Patrícia L. F. [UNESP]Castanha, Rodrigo F.de Castro, Vera L. S. S.Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]2021-06-25T11:18:14Z2021-06-25T11:18:14Z2021-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8Journal of Nanobiotechnology, v. 19, n. 1, 2021.1477-3155http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20873810.1186/s12951-021-00910-82-s2.0-85107315003Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Nanobiotechnologyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T19:02:26Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/208738Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T20:51:21.575332Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
title Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
spellingShingle Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]
Chitosan nanoparticles
Ecotoxicity
Polycaprolactone nanoparticles
Vitamin
Zebrafish
title_short Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
title_full Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
title_fullStr Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
title_full_unstemmed Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
title_sort Ecotoxicity evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with ascorbic acid for fish nutrition in aquaculture
author Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]
author_facet Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]
Campos, Estefânia V. R.
Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP]
Vallim, José Henrique
Proença, Patrícia L. F. [UNESP]
Castanha, Rodrigo F.
de Castro, Vera L. S. S.
Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]
author_role author
author2 Campos, Estefânia V. R.
Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP]
Vallim, José Henrique
Proença, Patrícia L. F. [UNESP]
Castanha, Rodrigo F.
de Castro, Vera L. S. S.
Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Federal University of ABC
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Luis, Angélica I. S. [UNESP]
Campos, Estefânia V. R.
Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP]
Vallim, José Henrique
Proença, Patrícia L. F. [UNESP]
Castanha, Rodrigo F.
de Castro, Vera L. S. S.
Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Chitosan nanoparticles
Ecotoxicity
Polycaprolactone nanoparticles
Vitamin
Zebrafish
topic Chitosan nanoparticles
Ecotoxicity
Polycaprolactone nanoparticles
Vitamin
Zebrafish
description Background: Ascorbic acid (AA) is a micronutrient essential for the mechanisms of reproduction, growth, and defense in fish. However, the biosynthesis of this micronutrient does not occur in fish, so it must be supplied with food. A difficulty is that plain AA is unstable, due to the effects of light, high temperature, and oxygen, among others. The use of nanoencapsulation may provide protection and preserve the physicochemical characteristics of AA for extended periods of time, decreasing losses due to environmental factors. Method: This study evaluated the protective effect of nanoencapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (chitosan and polycaprolactone) against AA degradation. Evaluation was made of the physicochemical stability of the nanoformulations over time, as well as the toxicological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering behavior, development, and enzymatic activity. For the statistical tests, ANOVA (two-way, significance of p < 0.05) was used. Results: Both nanoparticle formulations showed high encapsulation efficiency and good physicochemical stability during 90 days. Chitosan (CS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with AA had mean diameters of 314 and 303 nm and polydispersity indexes of 0.36 and 0.28, respectively. Both nanosystems provided protection against degradation of AA exposed to an oxidizing agent, compared to plain AA. Total degradation of AA was observed after 7, 20, and 480 min for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. For zebrafish larvae, the LC50 values were 330.7, 57.4, and 179.6 mg/L for plain AA, the CS nanoparticle formulation, and the PCL nanoparticle formulation, respectively. In toxicity assays using AA at a concentration of 50 mg/L, both types of nanoparticles loaded with AA showed lower toxicity towards the development of the zebrafish, compared to plain AA at the same concentration. Although decreased activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) did not affect the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae in the groups evaluated, it may have been associated with the observed morphometric changes, such as curvature of the tail. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of nanosystems is promising for fish nutritional supplementation in aquaculture. In particular, PCL nanoparticles loaded with AA seemed to be most promising, due to higher protection against AA degradation, as well as lower toxicity to zebrafish, compared to the chitosan nanoparticles. The use of nanotechnology opens new perspectives for aquaculture, enabling the reduction of feed nutrient losses, leading to faster fish growth and improved sustainability of this activity. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-06-25T11:18:14Z
2021-06-25T11:18:14Z
2021-12-01
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8
Journal of Nanobiotechnology, v. 19, n. 1, 2021.
1477-3155
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/208738
10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8
2-s2.0-85107315003
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/208738
identifier_str_mv Journal of Nanobiotechnology, v. 19, n. 1, 2021.
1477-3155
10.1186/s12951-021-00910-8
2-s2.0-85107315003
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Nanobiotechnology
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1808129258264985600