Biological Analysis of Simvastatin-releasing Chitosan Scaffold as a Cell-free System for Pulp-dentin Regeneration

• Autor(a) principal: Soares, Diana G.
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Anovazzi, Giovanna [UNESP], Bordini, Ester Alves F. [UNESP], Zuta, Uxua O. [UNESP], Silva Leite, Maria Luísa A. [UNESP], Basso, Fernanda G. [UNESP], Hebling, Josimeri [UNESP], de Souza Costa, Carlos A. [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.014; http://hdl.handle.net/11449/176246
• topic: Cell differentiation; dental pulp; scaffolds; tissue engineering

Introduction: The improvement of biomaterials capable of driving the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex mediated by resident cells is the goal of regenerative dentistry. In the present investigation, a chitosan scaffold (CHSC) that released bioactive concentrations of simvastatin (SIM) was tested, aimed at the development of a cell-free tissue engineering system. Methods: First, we performed a dose-response assay to select the bioactive dose of SIM capable of inducing an odontoblastic phenotype in dental pulp cells (DPCs); after which we evaluated the synergistic effect of this dosage with the CHSC/DPC construct. SIM at 1.0 μmol/L (CHSC-SIM1.0) and 0.5 μmol/L were incorporated into the CHSC, and cell viability, adhesion, and calcium deposition were evaluated. Finally, we assessed the biomaterials in an artificial pulp chamber/3-dimensional culture model to simulate the cell-free approach in vitro. Results: SIM at 0.1 μmol/L was selected as the bioactive dose. This drug was capable of strongly inducing an odontoblastic phenotype on the DPC/CHSC construct. The incorporation of SIM into CHSC had no deleterious effect on cell viability and adhesion to the scaffold structure. CHSC-SIM1.0 led to significantly higher calcium-rich matrix deposition on scaffold/dentin disc assay compared with the control (CHSC). This biomaterial induced the migration of DPCs from a 3-dimensional culture to its surface as well as stimulated significantly higher expressions of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 alpha 1, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein on 3-dimensional–cultured DPCs than on those in contact with CHSC. Conclusions: CHSC-SIM1.0 scaffold was capable of increasing the chemotaxis and regenerative potential of DPCs.