Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: David, Érica Boarato, Oliveira-Arbex, Ana Paula, Victória, Cassiano [UNESP], Guimarães, Semíramis [UNESP]
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241389
Resumo: The enteric protist Blastocystis has a worldwide distribution, however its prevalence in the human population is still underestimated, especially in developing countries where proper diagnosis is not performed in the routine of clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency, genetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Blastocystis isolates detected in fecal samples referred to a clinical laboratory for routine examination in inner São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 348 leftover stool samples available for disposal from female and male individuals with age ranging from 3 months to 88 years were analyzed by both microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. The overall frequency of Blastocystis sp. was 31% (108/348), including 20.1% (70/348) and 31% (108/348) by microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing, respectively. Significant association was found only between Blastocystis infection and age, since the highest rate of positive samples was detected among 5–9 years old individuals (p < 0.0001). In addition, spatial distribution revealed a wide distribution of the positive samples, however they were densely concentrated in more populated areas. Seven subtypes were identified, namely ST1 (40.7%), ST2 (9.2%), ST3 (45.3%), ST4 (0.9%), ST6 (1.8%), ST7 (0.9%) and ST9 (0.9%). The intra-subtype analysis revealed a total of 25 different alleles previously reported. Here, the findings lead us to highlight the following aspects: (1) the identification of a ST9 isolate is a relevant finding since it is considered a very rare subtype in human infections as well as this is the first report in Brazil; (2) the high frequency of Blastocystis in fecal samples submitted for examination in a clinical laboratory points to the need to consider its search in routine parasitological examinations, (3) the spatial distribution of Blastocystis infection was not homogeneous but concentrated in more populated areas where the access for population to diagnostic services in healthcare is likely to be easier and, (4) the genetic variability of Blastocystis isolates suggests exposure of inhabitants living in inner municipalities to different sources of contamination involving anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission pathways.
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spelling Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in BrazilBlastocystis spClinical laboratoryFrequencySpatial analysisSubtypesThe enteric protist Blastocystis has a worldwide distribution, however its prevalence in the human population is still underestimated, especially in developing countries where proper diagnosis is not performed in the routine of clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency, genetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Blastocystis isolates detected in fecal samples referred to a clinical laboratory for routine examination in inner São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 348 leftover stool samples available for disposal from female and male individuals with age ranging from 3 months to 88 years were analyzed by both microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. The overall frequency of Blastocystis sp. was 31% (108/348), including 20.1% (70/348) and 31% (108/348) by microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing, respectively. Significant association was found only between Blastocystis infection and age, since the highest rate of positive samples was detected among 5–9 years old individuals (p < 0.0001). In addition, spatial distribution revealed a wide distribution of the positive samples, however they were densely concentrated in more populated areas. Seven subtypes were identified, namely ST1 (40.7%), ST2 (9.2%), ST3 (45.3%), ST4 (0.9%), ST6 (1.8%), ST7 (0.9%) and ST9 (0.9%). The intra-subtype analysis revealed a total of 25 different alleles previously reported. Here, the findings lead us to highlight the following aspects: (1) the identification of a ST9 isolate is a relevant finding since it is considered a very rare subtype in human infections as well as this is the first report in Brazil; (2) the high frequency of Blastocystis in fecal samples submitted for examination in a clinical laboratory points to the need to consider its search in routine parasitological examinations, (3) the spatial distribution of Blastocystis infection was not homogeneous but concentrated in more populated areas where the access for population to diagnostic services in healthcare is likely to be easier and, (4) the genetic variability of Blastocystis isolates suggests exposure of inhabitants living in inner municipalities to different sources of contamination involving anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission pathways.Tropical Diseases Posgraduate Program Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment of Health Sciences Sagrado Coração University (USC), SPIntegrated Faculties of Bauru (FIB), SPFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPInstitute of Bioscience Division of Parasitology São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, PO Box: 510Tropical Diseases Posgraduate Program Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPInstitute of Bioscience Division of Parasitology São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, PO Box: 510Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Sagrado Coração University (USC)Integrated Faculties of Bauru (FIB)Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]David, Érica BoaratoOliveira-Arbex, Ana PaulaVictória, Cassiano [UNESP]Guimarães, Semíramis [UNESP]2023-03-01T20:59:57Z2023-03-01T20:59:57Z2022-10-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608Acta Tropica, v. 234.1873-62540001-706Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/24138910.1016/j.actatropica.2022.1066082-s2.0-85134624344Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengActa Tropicainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-03-01T20:59:57Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/241389Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462023-03-01T20:59:57Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
title Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
spellingShingle Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]
Blastocystis sp
Clinical laboratory
Frequency
Spatial analysis
Subtypes
title_short Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
title_full Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
title_fullStr Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
title_sort Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil
author Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]
author_facet Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]
David, Érica Boarato
Oliveira-Arbex, Ana Paula
Victória, Cassiano [UNESP]
Guimarães, Semíramis [UNESP]
author_role author
author2 David, Érica Boarato
Oliveira-Arbex, Ana Paula
Victória, Cassiano [UNESP]
Guimarães, Semíramis [UNESP]
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Sagrado Coração University (USC)
Integrated Faculties of Bauru (FIB)
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Bertozzo, Thainá Valente [UNESP]
David, Érica Boarato
Oliveira-Arbex, Ana Paula
Victória, Cassiano [UNESP]
Guimarães, Semíramis [UNESP]
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Blastocystis sp
Clinical laboratory
Frequency
Spatial analysis
Subtypes
topic Blastocystis sp
Clinical laboratory
Frequency
Spatial analysis
Subtypes
description The enteric protist Blastocystis has a worldwide distribution, however its prevalence in the human population is still underestimated, especially in developing countries where proper diagnosis is not performed in the routine of clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency, genetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Blastocystis isolates detected in fecal samples referred to a clinical laboratory for routine examination in inner São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 348 leftover stool samples available for disposal from female and male individuals with age ranging from 3 months to 88 years were analyzed by both microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. The overall frequency of Blastocystis sp. was 31% (108/348), including 20.1% (70/348) and 31% (108/348) by microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing, respectively. Significant association was found only between Blastocystis infection and age, since the highest rate of positive samples was detected among 5–9 years old individuals (p < 0.0001). In addition, spatial distribution revealed a wide distribution of the positive samples, however they were densely concentrated in more populated areas. Seven subtypes were identified, namely ST1 (40.7%), ST2 (9.2%), ST3 (45.3%), ST4 (0.9%), ST6 (1.8%), ST7 (0.9%) and ST9 (0.9%). The intra-subtype analysis revealed a total of 25 different alleles previously reported. Here, the findings lead us to highlight the following aspects: (1) the identification of a ST9 isolate is a relevant finding since it is considered a very rare subtype in human infections as well as this is the first report in Brazil; (2) the high frequency of Blastocystis in fecal samples submitted for examination in a clinical laboratory points to the need to consider its search in routine parasitological examinations, (3) the spatial distribution of Blastocystis infection was not homogeneous but concentrated in more populated areas where the access for population to diagnostic services in healthcare is likely to be easier and, (4) the genetic variability of Blastocystis isolates suggests exposure of inhabitants living in inner municipalities to different sources of contamination involving anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission pathways.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-01
2023-03-01T20:59:57Z
2023-03-01T20:59:57Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608
Acta Tropica, v. 234.
1873-6254
0001-706X
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241389
10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608
2-s2.0-85134624344
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241389
identifier_str_mv Acta Tropica, v. 234.
1873-6254
0001-706X
10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106608
2-s2.0-85134624344
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Acta Tropica
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
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