Análise comparativa de técnicas de recuperação ambiental em áreas degradadas no município de Bofete/SP

• Autor(a) principal: Castelli, Karen Regina [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122189
• topic: Qualidade ambiental; Florestas; Solos; Environmental quality

Areas used for cultivation of commercial forest plant species subjected to environment recovery activities have constituted a rare scenário not yet well established in Brazil. Little information is provided in terms of ecological indicators where the recovery process has started in such areas, specially about the floristic, edaphic and climatologic features. In this study, the ecological indicators have been compared in areas where has been applied three methods of environmental restoration (soil transposition (ST), aritificial perches (PER), and areas with native vegetation (REF). The four areas are located in a rural one in Bofete, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data regarding phytosociological, edaphic and microclimatic attributes have been surveyed. The soil is sandy-textured with an inexpressive spatial variation of the particle-size distribution and degree of comparison on the soil. The chemical attributes have indicated fertility significantly low in the PER and REF, and the soil of the EUC plot has been the most fertile. It has been identified 52 plant species, with 29 species in REF area, 28 in EUC, 8, in ST and 7, in the PER parcels. Only one species has been common in all study areas (Siparuna guianensis). The Shannon index values are: 1.05 (REF), 1.17 (EUC), 0.65 (ST) and 0.58 (PER). The Jaccard index was higher than 50% between REF and EUC areas, evidencing low similarity among the floristic composition of such areas. It has been observed where the light incidence and wind velocity values were higher (PER e ST), the floristic diversity were smaller. The set of species has been mostly composed of species of initial stages of ecosystem regeneration. Up to now, the recovery methods ST and PER have evidenced low effectiveness in recovering the degraded areas. The most promising action might be to keep the eucalypts woodland alilve, selectively pruning them and keeping the wood and herbaceous understory in continous growth