Investigação da toxicidade e da capacidade de recuperação do herbicida 2,4-D comercial (2,4-diclorofenoxiacético) empregando brânquias de tilápias, Oreochromis niloticus, como biomarcador

• Autor(a) principal: Marcato, Ana Claudia de Castro [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108659
• topic: Histology; Histologia; Toxicologia; Histopatologia; Toxicologia genética; Tilapia (Peixe); Morfologia (Biologia); Hipertrofia; Herbicida; Marcadores biologicos

Water is one of the essential factors to the maintenance of the vital functions of the living beings. It has been observed an increasing impairment of this resource, due to the pollution of several wellsprings and even entire watersheds, either by industrial residues, domestic sewage or even by substances used in the agriculture, such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. For over 50 years, the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used worldwide; and it was one of the compounds of the “agent orange” used in the Vietnam War. Since its genotoxicity was proven by several studies and due to its long persistence in the soil, which enables the leaching and percolation of the compound affecting the hydric bodies, studies that assess its toxicity are relevant and justified. Fishes are excellent experimental models for the study of aquatic toxicology, since they alert for the potential danger of chemical substances or to the possibility of environmental pollution. In this context, the present study aimed to expose tilapias to two concentrations of the herbicide 2,4-D to assess the impacts provoked by the presence of this compound on the aquatic life; it was also objective of this study verify if the withdrawal of the compound favours the recovery of these animals. For this purpose, 45 fishes of the species Oreochromis niloticus were exposed in aquariums with the concentrations of 0 mg/L, 250 mg/L and 500 mg/L of 2,4-D. After 96 hours of exposure, five animals of each aquarium were anesthetized and sacrificed for the histopathological analysis of the gills and the 10 remaining animals of each aquarium were transferred to aquariums with clean water for recovery for periods of 96 and 192 hours, after each recovery period, 5 animals of each aquarium were anesthetized, sacrificed and the gills were removed for histopathology analysis. The gills were analyzed by techniques of ultramorphology, histology and histochemistry. The...