Avaliação do potencial mineral das águas subterrâneas dos aquíferos do estado de São Paulo

• Autor(a) principal: Garpelli, Lia Nogueira [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/203391; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2019-05-14/000914966.pdf
• topic: Águas subterrâneas; Aquiferos; Águas minerais; Hidrogeologia; Química da água; Águas subterrâneas - Qualidade; Geologia economica; Águas minerais - Legislação; São Paulo (Estado)

The mineral water occurs naturally underground, with chemical composition and physicochemical properties distinct from ordinary waters. Such characteristics result in therapeutic properties or health benefits, due to the content of mineral substances. Its use in Brazil began with therapeutic purposes, however nowadays, production is focused on bottled mineral waters, being Brazil the 5th largest producer in the world. The state's complex geological framework, where groundwater is in contact, leads water with different elements and chemical concentrations, with potential for use as natural mineral water. Through hydrogeological and spatial zoning, it is possible to demarcate areas of economic interest. The objective of this work was to classify the groundwater of the state, according to the Mineral Water Code of 1945 (CAM), tracing its mineral potential as a function of the aquifer allocated, with the generation of a cartographic base. For this, it was studied 276 hydrochemical data provided by CETESB, with hydrochemical characterization through statistical analysis, generation of Piper Diagrams, potability analysis and the classification of mineral waters according to the CAM, with an evaluation of the chemical contents and temperature. Then, it was obtained data that could characterize them as fluoridated, lithium, vanadium, selenium, as well as bicarbonated alkaline and sulphated minerals waters. The classification of the temperature determined cold to hypothermic waters, and a small fraction in hyperthermals. The results obtained, showed that the groundwater of the aquifers of the state have good economic potential. All waters were classified as fluoridated mineral water, followed by lithic water with main occurrence in SAC. Vanadium is predominant in SASG and SAB. And a smaller amount of sulphates in the SAT wells, also with points with bicarbonated alkaline water. Finally, a very low expression of selenium in SAG and SASG