Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245953 |
Resumo: | Frustration responses of animals when environmental resources are present, but inaccessible may help to understand their motivation, i.e. the importance to access these resources. However, neither motivation nor frustration have been investigated in mules. Here, we investigated whether horses and mules are motivated to access a biologically relevant resource and whether they express frustration when their access is blocked. Eight mules and eight horses were tested for 3 days with varying difficulty degrees requiring physical effort to cross a barrier and access feed. The maximum effort was made on day 3 (blocked barrier). The animals were filmed during the tests and their stress levels were evaluated. Only mules exhibited significantly more behaviors associated with motivation when the barrier was blocked. However, this test situation caused both mules and horses to express behaviors associated with frustration, whereas only horses expressed a greater variation in the cortisol level. Thus, only mules are motivated to access feed, but both of them exhibit frustration when unable to access such resources, which has important welfare and management applications. |
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Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differenceseffort spentequidfrustration responsemotivation responsFrustration responses of animals when environmental resources are present, but inaccessible may help to understand their motivation, i.e. the importance to access these resources. However, neither motivation nor frustration have been investigated in mules. Here, we investigated whether horses and mules are motivated to access a biologically relevant resource and whether they express frustration when their access is blocked. Eight mules and eight horses were tested for 3 days with varying difficulty degrees requiring physical effort to cross a barrier and access feed. The maximum effort was made on day 3 (blocked barrier). The animals were filmed during the tests and their stress levels were evaluated. Only mules exhibited significantly more behaviors associated with motivation when the barrier was blocked. However, this test situation caused both mules and horses to express behaviors associated with frustration, whereas only horses expressed a greater variation in the cortisol level. Thus, only mules are motivated to access feed, but both of them exhibit frustration when unable to access such resources, which has important welfare and management applications.São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sience, São PauloConsciência Animal Initiative – Advisory Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behaviour and Welfare, São PauloGilsonVolpato institute of Scientific Education, São PauloUniversità di Pisa (UNIPI) Department of Veterinary SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sience, São PauloUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behaviour and WelfareGilsonVolpato institute of Scientific EducationUniversità di Pisa (UNIPI)Arruda, Liys A. de S. [UNESP]Delagracia, Marcela F. [UNESP]Maia, Caroline M.da Luz, Marina P. F. [UNESP]Narciso, Matheus H. P. M. [UNESP]Baragli, PaoloFilho, José Nicolau P. P. [UNESP]2023-07-29T12:27:43Z2023-07-29T12:27:43Z2022-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article317-333Animal Science Papers and Reports, v. 40, n. 3, p. 317-333, 2022.2300-83420860-4037http://hdl.handle.net/11449/2459532-s2.0-85138550260Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengAnimal Science Papers and Reportsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-07-29T12:27:43Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/245953Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T19:45:40.466105Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
title |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
spellingShingle |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences Arruda, Liys A. de S. [UNESP] effort spent equid frustration response motivation respons |
title_short |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
title_full |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
title_fullStr |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
title_full_unstemmed |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
title_sort |
Motivation and frustration of horses and mules: behavioral and physiological differences |
author |
Arruda, Liys A. de S. [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Arruda, Liys A. de S. [UNESP] Delagracia, Marcela F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. da Luz, Marina P. F. [UNESP] Narciso, Matheus H. P. M. [UNESP] Baragli, Paolo Filho, José Nicolau P. P. [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Delagracia, Marcela F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. da Luz, Marina P. F. [UNESP] Narciso, Matheus H. P. M. [UNESP] Baragli, Paolo Filho, José Nicolau P. P. [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Consultancy and Solutions on Animal Behaviour and Welfare GilsonVolpato institute of Scientific Education Università di Pisa (UNIPI) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Arruda, Liys A. de S. [UNESP] Delagracia, Marcela F. [UNESP] Maia, Caroline M. da Luz, Marina P. F. [UNESP] Narciso, Matheus H. P. M. [UNESP] Baragli, Paolo Filho, José Nicolau P. P. [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
effort spent equid frustration response motivation respons |
topic |
effort spent equid frustration response motivation respons |
description |
Frustration responses of animals when environmental resources are present, but inaccessible may help to understand their motivation, i.e. the importance to access these resources. However, neither motivation nor frustration have been investigated in mules. Here, we investigated whether horses and mules are motivated to access a biologically relevant resource and whether they express frustration when their access is blocked. Eight mules and eight horses were tested for 3 days with varying difficulty degrees requiring physical effort to cross a barrier and access feed. The maximum effort was made on day 3 (blocked barrier). The animals were filmed during the tests and their stress levels were evaluated. Only mules exhibited significantly more behaviors associated with motivation when the barrier was blocked. However, this test situation caused both mules and horses to express behaviors associated with frustration, whereas only horses expressed a greater variation in the cortisol level. Thus, only mules are motivated to access feed, but both of them exhibit frustration when unable to access such resources, which has important welfare and management applications. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-01 2023-07-29T12:27:43Z 2023-07-29T12:27:43Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
Animal Science Papers and Reports, v. 40, n. 3, p. 317-333, 2022. 2300-8342 0860-4037 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245953 2-s2.0-85138550260 |
identifier_str_mv |
Animal Science Papers and Reports, v. 40, n. 3, p. 317-333, 2022. 2300-8342 0860-4037 2-s2.0-85138550260 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/245953 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Animal Science Papers and Reports |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
317-333 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129115003289600 |