Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08050 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/231886 |
Resumo: | Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) provides a plant nutrient imbalance index (CND - r2) with assumed χ2 distribution. The Mahalanobis distance D2, which detects outliers in compositional data sets, also has a χ2 distribution. The objective of this paper was to compare D2 and CND - r2 nutrient imbalance indexes in corn (Zea mays L.). We measured grain yield as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the ear leaf at silk stage for 210 calibration sites in the St. Lawrence Lowlands [2300-2700 corn thermal units (CTU)] as well as 30 phosphorus (2300-2700 CTU; 10 sites) and 10 nitrogen (1900-2100 CTU; one site) replicated fertilizer treatments for validation. We derived CND norms as mean, standard deviation, and the inverse covariance matrix of centred log ratios (clr) for high yielding specimens (≥9.0 Mg grain ha-1 at 150 g H2O kg-1 moisture content) in the 2300-2700 CTU zone. Using χ2 = 17 (P <0.05) with nine degrees of freedom (i.e., nine nutrients) as a rejection criterion for outliers and a yield threshold of 8.6 Mg ha-1 after Cate-Nelson partitioning between low- and high-yielders in the P validation data set, D2 misclassified two specimens compared with nine for CND -r2. The D2 classification was not significantly different from a χ2 classification (P >0.05), but the CND - r2 classification differed significantly from χ2 or D2(P <0.001). A threshold value for nutrient imbalance could thus be derived probabilistically for conducting D2 diagnosis, while the CND - r2 nutrient imbalance threshold must be calibrated using fertilizer trials. In the proposed CND -D2 procedure, D2 is first computed to classify the specimen as possible outlier. Thereafter, nutrient indices are ranked in their order of limitation. The D2 norms appeared less effective in the 1900-2100 CTU zone. |
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Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance indexχ2 distributionGrain cornNitrogen and phosphorus fertilizationNutrient balanceSimplex closureVariance-covariance matrixCompositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) provides a plant nutrient imbalance index (CND - r2) with assumed χ2 distribution. The Mahalanobis distance D2, which detects outliers in compositional data sets, also has a χ2 distribution. The objective of this paper was to compare D2 and CND - r2 nutrient imbalance indexes in corn (Zea mays L.). We measured grain yield as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the ear leaf at silk stage for 210 calibration sites in the St. Lawrence Lowlands [2300-2700 corn thermal units (CTU)] as well as 30 phosphorus (2300-2700 CTU; 10 sites) and 10 nitrogen (1900-2100 CTU; one site) replicated fertilizer treatments for validation. We derived CND norms as mean, standard deviation, and the inverse covariance matrix of centred log ratios (clr) for high yielding specimens (≥9.0 Mg grain ha-1 at 150 g H2O kg-1 moisture content) in the 2300-2700 CTU zone. Using χ2 = 17 (P <0.05) with nine degrees of freedom (i.e., nine nutrients) as a rejection criterion for outliers and a yield threshold of 8.6 Mg ha-1 after Cate-Nelson partitioning between low- and high-yielders in the P validation data set, D2 misclassified two specimens compared with nine for CND -r2. The D2 classification was not significantly different from a χ2 classification (P >0.05), but the CND - r2 classification differed significantly from χ2 or D2(P <0.001). A threshold value for nutrient imbalance could thus be derived probabilistically for conducting D2 diagnosis, while the CND - r2 nutrient imbalance threshold must be calibrated using fertilizer trials. In the proposed CND -D2 procedure, D2 is first computed to classify the specimen as possible outlier. Thereafter, nutrient indices are ranked in their order of limitation. The D2 norms appeared less effective in the 1900-2100 CTU zone.Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering Paul Comtois Bldg. Université Laval, QC G1K 7P4Department of Soils and Fertilizers Unesp São Paulo State UniversityAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre 2560 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC G1V 2J3Department of Soils and Fertilizers Unesp São Paulo State UniversityUniversité LavalUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)2560 Hochelaga Blvd.Parent, Léon EtienneNatale, William [UNESP]Ziadi, Noura2022-04-29T08:47:55Z2022-04-29T08:47:55Z2009-08-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article383-390http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08050Canadian Journal of Soil Science, v. 89, n. 4, p. 383-390, 2009.0008-4271http://hdl.handle.net/11449/23188610.4141/cjss080502-s2.0-68949156321Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengCanadian Journal of Soil Scienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-04-29T08:47:55Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/231886Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462022-04-29T08:47:55Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
title |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
spellingShingle |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index Parent, Léon Etienne χ2 distribution Grain corn Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization Nutrient balance Simplex closure Variance-covariance matrix |
title_short |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
title_full |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
title_fullStr |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
title_full_unstemmed |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
title_sort |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index |
author |
Parent, Léon Etienne |
author_facet |
Parent, Léon Etienne Natale, William [UNESP] Ziadi, Noura |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Natale, William [UNESP] Ziadi, Noura |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Université Laval Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) 2560 Hochelaga Blvd. |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Parent, Léon Etienne Natale, William [UNESP] Ziadi, Noura |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
χ2 distribution Grain corn Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization Nutrient balance Simplex closure Variance-covariance matrix |
topic |
χ2 distribution Grain corn Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization Nutrient balance Simplex closure Variance-covariance matrix |
description |
Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) provides a plant nutrient imbalance index (CND - r2) with assumed χ2 distribution. The Mahalanobis distance D2, which detects outliers in compositional data sets, also has a χ2 distribution. The objective of this paper was to compare D2 and CND - r2 nutrient imbalance indexes in corn (Zea mays L.). We measured grain yield as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the ear leaf at silk stage for 210 calibration sites in the St. Lawrence Lowlands [2300-2700 corn thermal units (CTU)] as well as 30 phosphorus (2300-2700 CTU; 10 sites) and 10 nitrogen (1900-2100 CTU; one site) replicated fertilizer treatments for validation. We derived CND norms as mean, standard deviation, and the inverse covariance matrix of centred log ratios (clr) for high yielding specimens (≥9.0 Mg grain ha-1 at 150 g H2O kg-1 moisture content) in the 2300-2700 CTU zone. Using χ2 = 17 (P <0.05) with nine degrees of freedom (i.e., nine nutrients) as a rejection criterion for outliers and a yield threshold of 8.6 Mg ha-1 after Cate-Nelson partitioning between low- and high-yielders in the P validation data set, D2 misclassified two specimens compared with nine for CND -r2. The D2 classification was not significantly different from a χ2 classification (P >0.05), but the CND - r2 classification differed significantly from χ2 or D2(P <0.001). A threshold value for nutrient imbalance could thus be derived probabilistically for conducting D2 diagnosis, while the CND - r2 nutrient imbalance threshold must be calibrated using fertilizer trials. In the proposed CND -D2 procedure, D2 is first computed to classify the specimen as possible outlier. Thereafter, nutrient indices are ranked in their order of limitation. The D2 norms appeared less effective in the 1900-2100 CTU zone. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2009-08-01 2022-04-29T08:47:55Z 2022-04-29T08:47:55Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08050 Canadian Journal of Soil Science, v. 89, n. 4, p. 383-390, 2009. 0008-4271 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/231886 10.4141/cjss08050 2-s2.0-68949156321 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08050 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/231886 |
identifier_str_mv |
Canadian Journal of Soil Science, v. 89, n. 4, p. 383-390, 2009. 0008-4271 10.4141/cjss08050 2-s2.0-68949156321 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Canadian Journal of Soil Science |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
383-390 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799964788036468736 |