On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183126 |
Resumo: | The use of nanotechnology in the agrochemical sector aims to increase pesticide efficiency, and at the same time provide more targeted delivery, reducing the application volume and thus its environmental footprint. However, the possible risks of these new nanopesticides to non-target organisms are still sparsely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a nanoformulation of atrazine (nano_ATZ) to non-target soil invertebrates. The effect was compared with the commercial formulation (Gesaprim®) and atrazine (the pure active ingredient, a.i.), using the a.i. in a field concentration range using the soil invertebrate, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) as the non-target organisms. The endpoints evaluated included avoidance behaviour (2d), hatching success (11d), survival and reproduction (based on both the standard enchytraeid reproduction test (28d) and on the full life cycle test (46d)). Results showed that enchytraeids avoided soil spiked with Gesaprim and atrazine (a.i.), but not nano_ATZ. While all tested atrazine forms affected the hatching success (11d, early development stage), the toxicity in later stages, as measured in terms of survival and reproduction (46d) showed that Gesaprim was the least toxic (EC10 ca. 200 mg kg−1), followed by nano_ATZ (EC10 ca. 180 mg kg−1) and atrazine (a.i.) (EC10 ca. 100 mg kg−1). These findings are important to nanopesticide regulatory purposes, showing the potential effects of nanoformulation compared to the current commercial non-nano ATZ in a.i. field concentrations, and that information on additional test species and exposure routes are missing, as well as the longer term consequences. |
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On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case studyNanopesticideNanoencapsulationAvoidanceFull life cycleEnchytraeidsThe use of nanotechnology in the agrochemical sector aims to increase pesticide efficiency, and at the same time provide more targeted delivery, reducing the application volume and thus its environmental footprint. However, the possible risks of these new nanopesticides to non-target organisms are still sparsely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a nanoformulation of atrazine (nano_ATZ) to non-target soil invertebrates. The effect was compared with the commercial formulation (Gesaprim®) and atrazine (the pure active ingredient, a.i.), using the a.i. in a field concentration range using the soil invertebrate, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) as the non-target organisms. The endpoints evaluated included avoidance behaviour (2d), hatching success (11d), survival and reproduction (based on both the standard enchytraeid reproduction test (28d) and on the full life cycle test (46d)). Results showed that enchytraeids avoided soil spiked with Gesaprim and atrazine (a.i.), but not nano_ATZ. While all tested atrazine forms affected the hatching success (11d, early development stage), the toxicity in later stages, as measured in terms of survival and reproduction (46d) showed that Gesaprim was the least toxic (EC10 ca. 200 mg kg−1), followed by nano_ATZ (EC10 ca. 180 mg kg−1) and atrazine (a.i.) (EC10 ca. 100 mg kg−1). These findings are important to nanopesticide regulatory purposes, showing the potential effects of nanoformulation compared to the current commercial non-nano ATZ in a.i. field concentrations, and that information on additional test species and exposure routes are missing, as well as the longer term consequences.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)PreprintDepartment of Biology & CESAM, University of AveiroDepartment of Bioscience, Aarhus University, VejlsovejSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, BrazilHuman and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, BrazilFAPESP: 2017/21004-5Royal Society of ChemistryUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Gomes, Susana I. L.Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J.Ramos Campos, Estefania Vangelie [UNESP]Grillo, Renato [UNESP]Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]Amorim, Monica J. B.2019-08-05T14:57:38Z2019-08-05T14:57:38Z2019-05-23info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article1950–1958application/pdfEnvironmental Science: Nano, v. 6, p. 1950-19582051-8161http://hdl.handle.net/11449/18312610.1039/C9EN00242A218873688572124247414805388833950000-0002-0284-57820000-0002-2827-2038engEnvironmental Science: Nanoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESP2023-10-05T06:01:49Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/183126Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T14:02:00.511872Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
title |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
spellingShingle |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study Gomes, Susana I. L. Nanopesticide Nanoencapsulation Avoidance Full life cycle Enchytraeids |
title_short |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
title_full |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
title_fullStr |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
title_sort |
On the safety of nanoformulations to non-target soil invertebrates – an atrazine case study |
author |
Gomes, Susana I. L. |
author_facet |
Gomes, Susana I. L. Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Ramos Campos, Estefania Vangelie [UNESP] Grillo, Renato [UNESP] Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP] Amorim, Monica J. B. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Ramos Campos, Estefania Vangelie [UNESP] Grillo, Renato [UNESP] Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP] Amorim, Monica J. B. |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Susana I. L. Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Ramos Campos, Estefania Vangelie [UNESP] Grillo, Renato [UNESP] Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP] Amorim, Monica J. B. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Nanopesticide Nanoencapsulation Avoidance Full life cycle Enchytraeids |
topic |
Nanopesticide Nanoencapsulation Avoidance Full life cycle Enchytraeids |
description |
The use of nanotechnology in the agrochemical sector aims to increase pesticide efficiency, and at the same time provide more targeted delivery, reducing the application volume and thus its environmental footprint. However, the possible risks of these new nanopesticides to non-target organisms are still sparsely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a nanoformulation of atrazine (nano_ATZ) to non-target soil invertebrates. The effect was compared with the commercial formulation (Gesaprim®) and atrazine (the pure active ingredient, a.i.), using the a.i. in a field concentration range using the soil invertebrate, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) as the non-target organisms. The endpoints evaluated included avoidance behaviour (2d), hatching success (11d), survival and reproduction (based on both the standard enchytraeid reproduction test (28d) and on the full life cycle test (46d)). Results showed that enchytraeids avoided soil spiked with Gesaprim and atrazine (a.i.), but not nano_ATZ. While all tested atrazine forms affected the hatching success (11d, early development stage), the toxicity in later stages, as measured in terms of survival and reproduction (46d) showed that Gesaprim was the least toxic (EC10 ca. 200 mg kg−1), followed by nano_ATZ (EC10 ca. 180 mg kg−1) and atrazine (a.i.) (EC10 ca. 100 mg kg−1). These findings are important to nanopesticide regulatory purposes, showing the potential effects of nanoformulation compared to the current commercial non-nano ATZ in a.i. field concentrations, and that information on additional test species and exposure routes are missing, as well as the longer term consequences. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-05T14:57:38Z 2019-08-05T14:57:38Z 2019-05-23 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
Environmental Science: Nano, v. 6, p. 1950-1958 2051-8161 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183126 10.1039/C9EN00242A 2188736885721242 4741480538883395 0000-0002-0284-5782 0000-0002-2827-2038 |
identifier_str_mv |
Environmental Science: Nano, v. 6, p. 1950-1958 2051-8161 10.1039/C9EN00242A 2188736885721242 4741480538883395 0000-0002-0284-5782 0000-0002-2827-2038 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183126 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Environmental Science: Nano |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
1950–1958 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Royal Society of Chemistry |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Royal Society of Chemistry |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808128307154124800 |