Distribuição generalizada da resistência a fungicidas triazóis e evolução do gene cyp51A em populações de Pyricularia oryzae da brusone do trigo no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Poloni, Nadia Maria [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137968
• topic: Fungus; Sensitivity; Chemical control; Mutations; Fungo; Sensibilidade; Controle químico; Mutações; Cyp51; EC50

The fungus ascomycete Pyricularia oryzae has worldwide distribution as rice pathogen, but it has recently emerged as pathogen causing wheat blast in Brazil. The strobirulin and azole fungicides have been intensively used for management of wheat diseases in the last three decades. The report of resistance of P. oryzae from wheat to strobirulins in Brazil and the inefficiency of azole fungicides indicates a similar scenario. The triazoles represented sterols demethylation inhibitor fungicides group (DMI), characterized by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol and their target is the 14α-demethylase enzyme, encoded by the cyp51 gene. We determined the azole sensitivity frequency distributions of 180 isolates of P. oryzae of wheat sampled in seven states of the south-central Brazil, based on the EC50 of tebuconazole and epoxiconazole. We described the presence of mutations in the cyp51A gene and built their reticulate phylogeny to identify the evolutionary relationship among haplotypes. We reported that all P. oryzae populations sampled were insensitive to the azoles when compared to the recommended doses for the management of the disease in the field. Based on the sequence of cyp51A gene from P. oryzae of wheat, eight distinct haplotypes were detected. We found seven non-synonymous mutations that could be correlated with resistance to DMI's.