Análises genético-populacionais em arara-azul-grande (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) baseadas em marcadores mitocondriais: contribuições à conservação biológica da espécie

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Talita Roberto Aleixo de [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131878; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/11-11-2015/000851764.pdf
• topic: Arara-azul; Genetica de populações; Diversidade genética; Biodiversidade - Conservação; DNA; Estratégias de aprendizagem; Learning strategies; Populations genetics

Hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is considered as a threatened species, classified as vulnerable, especially due to the habitat loss and intense illegal trade. The total estimated number of wild individuals in Brazil is around 6,500 animals, distributed in three regions: Pará State, Northeast Brazil, and Pantanal of Mato Grosso and Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, where most of the hyacinth macaws can be found. Data about the biology, ecology, and genetic variability of this species are fundamental to support and develop conservation strategies of its natural populations. Therefore, the present study primarily aimed to analyze the genetic structure of different populations of A. hyacinthinus and examine the population dynamics among the distribution areas of the species. DNA samples were obtained from 100 individuals from distinct areas and genetic analyses associated to the first domain of the mitochondrial control region were performed for all samples. A segment of 498 base pairs of this mitochondrial DNA region was used to characterize the genetic population structure of the sampled hyacinth macaws. The analyses showed the existence of a significant genetic differentiation between samples of North Pantanal and the other distribution regions. A low differentiation level, although also significant, was evidenced between South Pantanal and Pará, between South Pantanal and Northeast, and between Northeast and Pará regions. The genetic diversity index for the studied species was similar to reported data in previous studies of hyacinth macaw and lower than those values described for other non-threatening species of parrots. The generated haplotype network, with a star shape, indicates a recent population expansion, a scenery that was also evidenced by the unimodal shape of the populations from Pará and Northeast. However, the obtained bimodal curve for the populations from North Pantanal and South Pantanal suggests that they ...