Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo e dos rios sob sua influência, por meio de bioensaios com Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Cristiane Sueli Talhiaferro de [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/118091
• topic: Genética; Toxicologia genética; Mutagenese; Petróleo - Refinarias - Subprodutos; Tilápia-do-Nilo; Monitoramento biológico; Ecossistemas aquáticos

The petrochemical industry represents a sector of intense activity, in constant expansion and great economic importance for Brazil. In order to be used in various human activities petroleum needs to suffer a refinement process that, besides requiring large amounts of water, produces large amounts of wastes, which are discharged in hydric resources. Petroleum is a complex mixture mainly comprised by hydrocarbons, many of them are recognized as toxic chemicals, which are able to induce a considerable environmental pollution. Since water is an important resource for the maintenance of ecosystems and is also the final receiver of effluent discharges of the petroleum industry, there is an imminent need to monitor, constantly, the hydric resources that are influenced by this industrial activity, so that it can be ensured the environmental health. This study aimed, mainly, to analyze the quality of water samples derived from refinement process performed of the largest petroleum refinery in Brazil (REPLAN), in distinct steps of the industry treatment, and waters of rivers associated to its activity. Micronuclei and Nuclear Abnormalities tests were performed in erythrocytes of the fish species Oreochromis niloticus exposed to water samples derived from refinery use and to rivers under the influence of their effluents, in order to evaluate its possible toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results obtained show that the treatment carried out by the refinery, during the evaluated periods, was effective, since the substances present in the water samples did not induce significant genotoxic and/or mutagenic alterations in the genetic material of the test organisms. On the other hand, when the substances present in the refinery effluent mix with the ones derived from other industrial activities developed upstream of this industry, the resultant compound, in some periods, presented genotoxic potencial, characterized by a rise of erythrocytic...