Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2014 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00216 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/117509 |
Resumo: | The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a survival mechanism of alarm, which rapidly alerts the organism to a sudden loud auditory stimulus. In rats, the primary ASR circuit encompasses three serially connected structures: cochlear root neurons (CRNs), neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), and motoneurons in the medulla and spinal cord. It is well-established that both CRNs and PnC neurons receive short-latency auditory inputs to mediate the ASR. Here, we investigated the anatomical origin and functional role of these inputs using a multidisciplinary approach that combines morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Anterograde tracer injections into the cochlea suggest that CRNs somata and dendrites receive inputs depending, respectively, on their basal or apical cochlear origin. Confocal colocalization experiments demonstrated that these cochlear inputs are immunopositive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Using extracellular recordings in vivo followed by subsequent tracer injections, we investigated the response of PnC neurons after contra-, ipsi-, and bilateral acoustic stimulation and identified the source of their auditory afferents. Our results showed that the binaural firing rate of PnC neurons was higher than the monaural, exhibiting higher spike discharges with contralateral than ipsilateral acoustic stimulations. Our histological analysis confirmed the CRNs as the principal source of short-latency acoustic inputs, and indicated that other areas of the cochlear nucleus complex are not likely to innervate PnC. Behaviorally, we observed a strong reduction of ASR amplitude in monaural earplugged rats that corresponds with the binaural summation process shown in our electrophysiological findings. Our study contributes to understand better the role of neuronal mechanisms in auditory alerting behaviors and provides strong evidence that the CRNs-PnC pathway mediates fast neurotransmission and binaural summation of the ASR. |
id |
UNSP_6ad43fbb96cc1da918b3f268312539c6 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/117509 |
network_acronym_str |
UNSP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository_id_str |
2946 |
spelling |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflexalertness systembinaural summationcochlear root neuronsextracellular recordingsneuronal tracerspontine reticular formationratvglut1-auditory nerveThe acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a survival mechanism of alarm, which rapidly alerts the organism to a sudden loud auditory stimulus. In rats, the primary ASR circuit encompasses three serially connected structures: cochlear root neurons (CRNs), neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), and motoneurons in the medulla and spinal cord. It is well-established that both CRNs and PnC neurons receive short-latency auditory inputs to mediate the ASR. Here, we investigated the anatomical origin and functional role of these inputs using a multidisciplinary approach that combines morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Anterograde tracer injections into the cochlea suggest that CRNs somata and dendrites receive inputs depending, respectively, on their basal or apical cochlear origin. Confocal colocalization experiments demonstrated that these cochlear inputs are immunopositive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Using extracellular recordings in vivo followed by subsequent tracer injections, we investigated the response of PnC neurons after contra-, ipsi-, and bilateral acoustic stimulation and identified the source of their auditory afferents. Our results showed that the binaural firing rate of PnC neurons was higher than the monaural, exhibiting higher spike discharges with contralateral than ipsilateral acoustic stimulations. Our histological analysis confirmed the CRNs as the principal source of short-latency acoustic inputs, and indicated that other areas of the cochlear nucleus complex are not likely to innervate PnC. Behaviorally, we observed a strong reduction of ASR amplitude in monaural earplugged rats that corresponds with the binaural summation process shown in our electrophysiological findings. Our study contributes to understand better the role of neuronal mechanisms in auditory alerting behaviors and provides strong evidence that the CRNs-PnC pathway mediates fast neurotransmission and binaural summation of the ASR.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Salamanca, Neurosci Inst Castilla & Leon, Salamanca 37007, SpainUniv Salamanca, Dept Cell Biol & Pathol, Salamanca 37007, SpainUniv Salamanca, Inst Biomed Res Salamanca IBSAL, Salamanca 37007, SpainSao Paulo State Univ Botucatu, Biosci Inst, Dept Anat, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USASao Paulo State Univ Botucatu, Biosci Inst, Dept Anat, Sao Paulo, BrazilSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)BFU2010-17754FAPESP: 08/02771-61R01DC013048-01Frontiers Research FoundationUniv SalamancaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Univ PittsburghGomez-Nieto, RicardoHorta-Junior, Jose de Anchieta C. [UNESP]Castellano, OrlandoMillian-Morell, LymarieRubio, Maria E.Lopez, Dolores E.2015-03-18T15:56:20Z2015-03-18T15:56:20Z2014-07-25info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article18application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00216Frontiers In Neuroscience. Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation, v. 8, 18 p., 2014.1662-453Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/11750910.3389/fnins.2014.00216WOS:000346501100001WOS000346501100001.pdfWeb of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengFrontiers In Neuroscience3.877info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-11-22T06:13:01Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/117509Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T18:24:34.411891Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
title |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
spellingShingle |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex Gomez-Nieto, Ricardo alertness system binaural summation cochlear root neurons extracellular recordings neuronal tracers pontine reticular formation rat vglut1-auditory nerve |
title_short |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
title_full |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
title_fullStr |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
title_full_unstemmed |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
title_sort |
Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex |
author |
Gomez-Nieto, Ricardo |
author_facet |
Gomez-Nieto, Ricardo Horta-Junior, Jose de Anchieta C. [UNESP] Castellano, Orlando Millian-Morell, Lymarie Rubio, Maria E. Lopez, Dolores E. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Horta-Junior, Jose de Anchieta C. [UNESP] Castellano, Orlando Millian-Morell, Lymarie Rubio, Maria E. Lopez, Dolores E. |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Univ Salamanca Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Univ Pittsburgh |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gomez-Nieto, Ricardo Horta-Junior, Jose de Anchieta C. [UNESP] Castellano, Orlando Millian-Morell, Lymarie Rubio, Maria E. Lopez, Dolores E. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
alertness system binaural summation cochlear root neurons extracellular recordings neuronal tracers pontine reticular formation rat vglut1-auditory nerve |
topic |
alertness system binaural summation cochlear root neurons extracellular recordings neuronal tracers pontine reticular formation rat vglut1-auditory nerve |
description |
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a survival mechanism of alarm, which rapidly alerts the organism to a sudden loud auditory stimulus. In rats, the primary ASR circuit encompasses three serially connected structures: cochlear root neurons (CRNs), neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), and motoneurons in the medulla and spinal cord. It is well-established that both CRNs and PnC neurons receive short-latency auditory inputs to mediate the ASR. Here, we investigated the anatomical origin and functional role of these inputs using a multidisciplinary approach that combines morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Anterograde tracer injections into the cochlea suggest that CRNs somata and dendrites receive inputs depending, respectively, on their basal or apical cochlear origin. Confocal colocalization experiments demonstrated that these cochlear inputs are immunopositive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Using extracellular recordings in vivo followed by subsequent tracer injections, we investigated the response of PnC neurons after contra-, ipsi-, and bilateral acoustic stimulation and identified the source of their auditory afferents. Our results showed that the binaural firing rate of PnC neurons was higher than the monaural, exhibiting higher spike discharges with contralateral than ipsilateral acoustic stimulations. Our histological analysis confirmed the CRNs as the principal source of short-latency acoustic inputs, and indicated that other areas of the cochlear nucleus complex are not likely to innervate PnC. Behaviorally, we observed a strong reduction of ASR amplitude in monaural earplugged rats that corresponds with the binaural summation process shown in our electrophysiological findings. Our study contributes to understand better the role of neuronal mechanisms in auditory alerting behaviors and provides strong evidence that the CRNs-PnC pathway mediates fast neurotransmission and binaural summation of the ASR. |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2014-07-25 2015-03-18T15:56:20Z 2015-03-18T15:56:20Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00216 Frontiers In Neuroscience. Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation, v. 8, 18 p., 2014. 1662-453X http://hdl.handle.net/11449/117509 10.3389/fnins.2014.00216 WOS:000346501100001 WOS000346501100001.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00216 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/117509 |
identifier_str_mv |
Frontiers In Neuroscience. Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation, v. 8, 18 p., 2014. 1662-453X 10.3389/fnins.2014.00216 WOS:000346501100001 WOS000346501100001.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers In Neuroscience 3.877 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
18 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers Research Foundation |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers Research Foundation |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808128928841203712 |