Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en01068a http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241270 |
Resumo: | Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used agricultural herbicide, is potentially harmful to animals and humans. Nanoencapsulation of ATZ (NC-ATZ) within non-toxic, biodegradable poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) improves the herbicidal activity of ATZ 10-fold and moderates its environmental persistence, possibly reducing off-target ecological effects. These compounds may reach the pulmonary respiratory units following inhalation; thus, we investigated the effect of ATZ and NC-ATZ on an immortalised human lung alveolar type 1-like epithelial cell model (TT1 cells). The concentration-dependent effect of the compounds was analysed by assessment of viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory cytokine release. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise TT1 cell-nanoparticle interactions. NC-ATZ caused cellular effects not observed with ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. NC-ATZ significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release at ≥1 μg ml−1 after 48 hours of exposure, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (3-fold of the non-treated control, ***p < 0.001). Moreover, ≥1 μg ml−1 NC-ATZ was pro-inflammatory at 48 hours, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (IL-6 release ∼125 pg ml−1; IL-8 release ∼46 pg ml−1). Confocal microscopy of fluorescently-labelled ATZ and NC-ATZ indicated high intensity fluorescence nanoparticle uptake into the cytoplasm and co-localisation in the Golgi, suggesting nanoparticle recycling within 24 hours. We provide evidence that nanoencapsulation of the pesticide ATZ alters bioreactivity, stimulating more necrosis and inflammation in human lung alveolar type 1 epithelial cells in comparison to ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. However, nanoencapsulation improves the efficacy of pesticides, thus lower pesticide concentrations could be used, reducing environmental contamination. Further investigation, particularly with different exposure scenarios, is warranted in order to generate safer nanoencapsulated pesticides. |
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Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cellsAtrazine (ATZ), a commonly used agricultural herbicide, is potentially harmful to animals and humans. Nanoencapsulation of ATZ (NC-ATZ) within non-toxic, biodegradable poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) improves the herbicidal activity of ATZ 10-fold and moderates its environmental persistence, possibly reducing off-target ecological effects. These compounds may reach the pulmonary respiratory units following inhalation; thus, we investigated the effect of ATZ and NC-ATZ on an immortalised human lung alveolar type 1-like epithelial cell model (TT1 cells). The concentration-dependent effect of the compounds was analysed by assessment of viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory cytokine release. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise TT1 cell-nanoparticle interactions. NC-ATZ caused cellular effects not observed with ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. NC-ATZ significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release at ≥1 μg ml−1 after 48 hours of exposure, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (3-fold of the non-treated control, ***p < 0.001). Moreover, ≥1 μg ml−1 NC-ATZ was pro-inflammatory at 48 hours, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (IL-6 release ∼125 pg ml−1; IL-8 release ∼46 pg ml−1). Confocal microscopy of fluorescently-labelled ATZ and NC-ATZ indicated high intensity fluorescence nanoparticle uptake into the cytoplasm and co-localisation in the Golgi, suggesting nanoparticle recycling within 24 hours. We provide evidence that nanoencapsulation of the pesticide ATZ alters bioreactivity, stimulating more necrosis and inflammation in human lung alveolar type 1 epithelial cells in comparison to ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. However, nanoencapsulation improves the efficacy of pesticides, thus lower pesticide concentrations could be used, reducing environmental contamination. Further investigation, particularly with different exposure scenarios, is warranted in order to generate safer nanoencapsulated pesticides.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Health ResearchPublic Health EnglandUniversity of KentuckyUniverzita Karlova v PrazeImperial College LondonLung Cell Biology Airways Disease National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College LondonThe National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College LondonLABiToN − Laboratory for Evaluation of Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials University of SorocabaSão Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, SorocabaSão Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, SorocabaImperial College LondonHealth Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College LondonUniversity of SorocabaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Moore, Amber J. S.Dean, Lareb S. N.Yam, Aiken N. K.de Lima, RenataFraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]Tetley, Teresa D.2023-03-01T20:54:32Z2023-03-01T20:54:32Z2022-04-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article2134-2148http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en01068aEnvironmental Science: Nano, v. 9, n. 6, p. 2134-2148, 2022.2051-81612051-8153http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24127010.1039/d1en01068a2-s2.0-85133388109Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengEnvironmental Science: Nanoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-03-01T20:54:32Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/241270Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-05-23T11:14:56.475865Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
title |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
spellingShingle |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells Moore, Amber J. S. |
title_short |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
title_full |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
title_fullStr |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
title_sort |
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells |
author |
Moore, Amber J. S. |
author_facet |
Moore, Amber J. S. Dean, Lareb S. N. Yam, Aiken N. K. de Lima, Renata Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP] Tetley, Teresa D. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Dean, Lareb S. N. Yam, Aiken N. K. de Lima, Renata Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP] Tetley, Teresa D. |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Imperial College London Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) in collaboration with Imperial College London University of Sorocaba Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Moore, Amber J. S. Dean, Lareb S. N. Yam, Aiken N. K. de Lima, Renata Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP] Tetley, Teresa D. |
description |
Atrazine (ATZ), a commonly used agricultural herbicide, is potentially harmful to animals and humans. Nanoencapsulation of ATZ (NC-ATZ) within non-toxic, biodegradable poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) improves the herbicidal activity of ATZ 10-fold and moderates its environmental persistence, possibly reducing off-target ecological effects. These compounds may reach the pulmonary respiratory units following inhalation; thus, we investigated the effect of ATZ and NC-ATZ on an immortalised human lung alveolar type 1-like epithelial cell model (TT1 cells). The concentration-dependent effect of the compounds was analysed by assessment of viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory cytokine release. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise TT1 cell-nanoparticle interactions. NC-ATZ caused cellular effects not observed with ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. NC-ATZ significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release at ≥1 μg ml−1 after 48 hours of exposure, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (3-fold of the non-treated control, ***p < 0.001). Moreover, ≥1 μg ml−1 NC-ATZ was pro-inflammatory at 48 hours, peaking at 5 μg ml−1 (IL-6 release ∼125 pg ml−1; IL-8 release ∼46 pg ml−1). Confocal microscopy of fluorescently-labelled ATZ and NC-ATZ indicated high intensity fluorescence nanoparticle uptake into the cytoplasm and co-localisation in the Golgi, suggesting nanoparticle recycling within 24 hours. We provide evidence that nanoencapsulation of the pesticide ATZ alters bioreactivity, stimulating more necrosis and inflammation in human lung alveolar type 1 epithelial cells in comparison to ATZ or the PCL nanocapsule alone. However, nanoencapsulation improves the efficacy of pesticides, thus lower pesticide concentrations could be used, reducing environmental contamination. Further investigation, particularly with different exposure scenarios, is warranted in order to generate safer nanoencapsulated pesticides. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-04-28 2023-03-01T20:54:32Z 2023-03-01T20:54:32Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en01068a Environmental Science: Nano, v. 9, n. 6, p. 2134-2148, 2022. 2051-8161 2051-8153 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241270 10.1039/d1en01068a 2-s2.0-85133388109 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en01068a http://hdl.handle.net/11449/241270 |
identifier_str_mv |
Environmental Science: Nano, v. 9, n. 6, p. 2134-2148, 2022. 2051-8161 2051-8153 10.1039/d1en01068a 2-s2.0-85133388109 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Environmental Science: Nano |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
2134-2148 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
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1803045793905508352 |