Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181 |
Resumo: | This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs. |
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Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stressambient temperaturechronic heat stressgiltpigswinethermoregulationThis study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), JaboticabalDepartment of Animal Science Federal University of Viçosa, Minas GeraisDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Pastures Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroEvonik Operations GmbHEvonik Brasil Ltda.Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), JaboticabalUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Federal University of ViçosaFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroEvonik Operations GmbHEvonik Brasil Ltda.de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP]Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP]da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP]Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP]Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP]Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP]Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP]Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis FurtadoSantos, Luan Sousa dosHtoo, John Khun KyawBrand, Henrique GastmannHauschild, Luciano [UNESP]2023-07-29T13:36:44Z2023-07-29T13:36:44Z2023-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387Journal of Animal Science, v. 101.1525-31630021-8812http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24818110.1093/jas/skac3872-s2.0-85146193121Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Animal Scienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-06-07T18:44:56Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/248181Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T23:48:22.335405Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
title |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
spellingShingle |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP] ambient temperature chronic heat stress gilt pig swine thermoregulation |
title_short |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
title_full |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
title_fullStr |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
title_sort |
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress |
author |
de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP] |
author_facet |
de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP] Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP] Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP] da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP] Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP] Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP] Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP] Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP] Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Santos, Luan Sousa dos Htoo, John Khun Kyaw Brand, Henrique Gastmann Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP] Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP] da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP] Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP] Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP] Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP] Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP] Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Santos, Luan Sousa dos Htoo, John Khun Kyaw Brand, Henrique Gastmann Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Federal University of Viçosa Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Evonik Operations GmbH Evonik Brasil Ltda. |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP] Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP] Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP] da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP] Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP] Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP] Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP] Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP] Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Santos, Luan Sousa dos Htoo, John Khun Kyaw Brand, Henrique Gastmann Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
ambient temperature chronic heat stress gilt pig swine thermoregulation |
topic |
ambient temperature chronic heat stress gilt pig swine thermoregulation |
description |
This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-29T13:36:44Z 2023-07-29T13:36:44Z 2023-01-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387 Journal of Animal Science, v. 101. 1525-3163 0021-8812 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181 10.1093/jas/skac387 2-s2.0-85146193121 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Animal Science, v. 101. 1525-3163 0021-8812 10.1093/jas/skac387 2-s2.0-85146193121 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Animal Science |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129553404526592 |