Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP], Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP], da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP], Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP], Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP], Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP], Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP], Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado, Santos, Luan Sousa dos, Htoo, John Khun Kyaw, Brand, Henrique Gastmann, Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP]
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181
Resumo: This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.
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spelling Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stressambient temperaturechronic heat stressgiltpigswinethermoregulationThis study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), JaboticabalDepartment of Animal Science Federal University of Viçosa, Minas GeraisDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Pastures Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroEvonik Operations GmbHEvonik Brasil Ltda.Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), JaboticabalUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Federal University of ViçosaFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroEvonik Operations GmbHEvonik Brasil Ltda.de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP]Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP]da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP]Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP]Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP]Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP]Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP]Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis FurtadoSantos, Luan Sousa dosHtoo, John Khun KyawBrand, Henrique GastmannHauschild, Luciano [UNESP]2023-07-29T13:36:44Z2023-07-29T13:36:44Z2023-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387Journal of Animal Science, v. 101.1525-31630021-8812http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24818110.1093/jas/skac3872-s2.0-85146193121Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Animal Scienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-06-07T18:44:56Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/248181Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T23:48:22.335405Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
title Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
spellingShingle Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]
ambient temperature
chronic heat stress
gilt
pig
swine
thermoregulation
title_short Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
title_full Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
title_fullStr Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
title_full_unstemmed Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
title_sort Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
author de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]
author_facet de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]
Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP]
Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP]
da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP]
Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP]
Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP]
Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP]
Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP]
Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado
Santos, Luan Sousa dos
Htoo, John Khun Kyaw
Brand, Henrique Gastmann
Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP]
author_role author
author2 Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP]
Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP]
da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP]
Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP]
Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP]
Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP]
Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP]
Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado
Santos, Luan Sousa dos
Htoo, John Khun Kyaw
Brand, Henrique Gastmann
Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP]
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Federal University of Viçosa
Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro
Evonik Operations GmbH
Evonik Brasil Ltda.
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv de Oliveira, Marllon José Karpeggiane [UNESP]
Melo, Antonio Diego Brandão [UNESP]
Marçal, Danilo Alves [UNESP]
da Cunha Valini, Graziela Alves [UNESP]
Silva, Cleslei Alisson [UNESP]
Veira, Alini Mari [UNESP]
Fraga, Alícia Zem [UNESP]
Arnaut, Pedro Righetti [UNESP]
Campos, Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado
Santos, Luan Sousa dos
Htoo, John Khun Kyaw
Brand, Henrique Gastmann
Hauschild, Luciano [UNESP]
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv ambient temperature
chronic heat stress
gilt
pig
swine
thermoregulation
topic ambient temperature
chronic heat stress
gilt
pig
swine
thermoregulation
description This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-29T13:36:44Z
2023-07-29T13:36:44Z
2023-01-01
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387
Journal of Animal Science, v. 101.
1525-3163
0021-8812
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181
10.1093/jas/skac387
2-s2.0-85146193121
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac387
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248181
identifier_str_mv Journal of Animal Science, v. 101.
1525-3163
0021-8812
10.1093/jas/skac387
2-s2.0-85146193121
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Animal Science
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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