Avaliação da distância de dispersão de sementes de uma espécie de planta da Mata Atlântica: uma comparação entre primatas e aves

• Autor(a) principal: Garcia, Giuliana [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143997; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2016-09-13/000869763.pdf
• topic: Sementes; Sementes - Disseminação; Animais frugivoros; Sementes - Distribuição geográfica; Genetica molecular; Cardoso, Ilha do (SP); Mata Atlântica

Seed dispersal helps maintaining gene flow between individuals of plants species, therefore, the activity of frugivorous dispersers partially determines the spatial distribution of plants. The loss of dispersers can reduce seed dispersal distances, aggregating the population, which can reduce gene flow and increase the likelihood of developing a genetic structure. Thus the occurrence of inbreeding can increase, weakening populations and exposing them to the possibility of local extinction. In this project we studied the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of adults of a rain forest tree species. Cryptocarya mandioccana (Lauraceae) and the seed dispersal distance by two dispersers od Ilha do Cardoso State Park: the guariba (Primates: Atelidae) and the Aburria jacutinga (Aves: Cracidae). The evaluation of seed dispersal distances can help characterizing the role of animal species in the gene flow and the spatial distribution of plant species, which allows predicting the possible effects of their local extinctions. The source tree of defecated seeds was determined comparing 106 adult tree genotypes of C. mandioccana with the genotype of 81 mother origin tissue of seeds. In order to perform this, we utilized 6 microsatellite loci specific for C.mandioccana and the kinship analyses to determine the source tree. We found high genetic diversity in adult population (A=9,33; He=0,73; Ho= 0,57). The adult trees of C. mandioccana didn't show, for major distance classes, significative fine-scale spatial genetic structure. We also observed a high variability of seeds genotypes, only three of them dispersed by howler monkey or Black-fronted Piping-Guan and therefore was calculated the distance between them and the maternal-tree. Throughout the genotype analyses of seeds found in fezes, we estimated the approximated number adults that could have possible originated them. We noticed that seeds dispersed by howler-monkeys have a higher diversity...