GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/174060 |
Resumo: | Background Local anesthetics are used to relieve pre- and postoperative pain, acting on both sodium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Bupivacaine acts as a non-competitive antagonist and has limitations, such as myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and analgesic effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a gallium arsenide laser (GaAs) on the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after application of bupivacaine in the sternomastoid muscle. Methods Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats received injections of bupivacaine 0.5% (Bupi: right antimere) and 0.9% sodium chloride (Cl: left antimere). Next, the animals were divided into a Control group (C) and a Laser group (LLLT). The laser group received LLLT (GaAs 904nm, 50mW, 4,8J) in both antimeres for five consecutive days. After seven days, the animals were euthanized and the surface portion of the sternomastoid muscle was removed, frozen, and subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses of the NMJs (nonspecific esterase reaction), confocal laser scanning, and an ultrastructural analysis. The nAChRs were quantified by Western blotting. Results In the chloride group, the morphology and morphometry of the NMJs remained stable. The maximum diameters of the NMJs were lower in the Bupi (15.048���1.985) and LLLT/Bupi subgroups (15.456���1.983) compared to the Cl (18.502���2.058) and LLLT/Cl subgroups (19.356���2.522) (p�<�0.05). Ultrastructurally, LLLT reduced myonecrosis observed after application of bupivacaine, with recovery in the junctional folds and active zone. There was an increase in the perimeter of the LLLT/Bupi subgroup (150.33) compared to the Bupi subgroup (74.69) (p�<�0.01) observed by confocal microscopy. There was also an increase in the relative planar area of the NMJ after LBI (8.75) compared to CBupi (4.80) (p�<�0.01). An analysis of the protein expression of nAChRα1 showed no major differences in the groups studied. There was an increase in protein expression of the ε subunit after application of LLLT (13.055) compared to Bupi (0.251) (p�<�0.01). Taken together, the present experiments indicate that there was a positive association of the α and γ subunits (p�<�0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that LLLT at the dose used in this study reduced structural alterations in the NMJ and molecular changes in nAChRs triggered by bupivacaine, providing important data supporting the use of LLLT in therapeutic protocols for injuries triggered by local anesthetics. |
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GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaineBupivacaineLow-level light therapyNeuromuscular junctionNicotinic acetylcholine receptorBackground Local anesthetics are used to relieve pre- and postoperative pain, acting on both sodium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Bupivacaine acts as a non-competitive antagonist and has limitations, such as myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and analgesic effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a gallium arsenide laser (GaAs) on the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after application of bupivacaine in the sternomastoid muscle. Methods Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats received injections of bupivacaine 0.5% (Bupi: right antimere) and 0.9% sodium chloride (Cl: left antimere). Next, the animals were divided into a Control group (C) and a Laser group (LLLT). The laser group received LLLT (GaAs 904nm, 50mW, 4,8J) in both antimeres for five consecutive days. After seven days, the animals were euthanized and the surface portion of the sternomastoid muscle was removed, frozen, and subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses of the NMJs (nonspecific esterase reaction), confocal laser scanning, and an ultrastructural analysis. The nAChRs were quantified by Western blotting. Results In the chloride group, the morphology and morphometry of the NMJs remained stable. The maximum diameters of the NMJs were lower in the Bupi (15.048���1.985) and LLLT/Bupi subgroups (15.456���1.983) compared to the Cl (18.502���2.058) and LLLT/Cl subgroups (19.356���2.522) (p�<�0.05). Ultrastructurally, LLLT reduced myonecrosis observed after application of bupivacaine, with recovery in the junctional folds and active zone. There was an increase in the perimeter of the LLLT/Bupi subgroup (150.33) compared to the Bupi subgroup (74.69) (p�<�0.01) observed by confocal microscopy. There was also an increase in the relative planar area of the NMJ after LBI (8.75) compared to CBupi (4.80) (p�<�0.01). An analysis of the protein expression of nAChRα1 showed no major differences in the groups studied. There was an increase in protein expression of the ε subunit after application of LLLT (13.055) compared to Bupi (0.251) (p�<�0.01). Taken together, the present experiments indicate that there was a positive association of the α and γ subunits (p�<�0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that LLLT at the dose used in this study reduced structural alterations in the NMJ and molecular changes in nAChRs triggered by bupivacaine, providing important data supporting the use of LLLT in therapeutic protocols for injuries triggered by local anesthetics.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Anatomy Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE)General Bases of Surgery Botucatu Medical School UNESPDepartament of Physical Therapy Center for Biologic Sciences and Health – CBSH Federal University of S�o Carlos/UFSCar/S�o CarlosSciences Student UNESP Institute of BiosciencesDepartment of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences S�o Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences S�o Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences General Bases of Surgery Botucatu Medical SchoolUNESPGeneral Bases of Surgery Botucatu Medical School UNESPSciences Student UNESP Institute of BiosciencesDepartment of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences S�o Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences S�o Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences General Bases of Surgery Botucatu Medical SchoolUNESPFAPESP: 13/26649-3Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE)Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)Pissulin, Cristiane Neves Alessi [UNESP]de Souza Castro, Paula Aiello Tom�Codina, Fl�vio [UNESP]Pinto, Carina Guidi [UNESP]Vechetti-Junior, Ivan Jose [UNESP]Matheus, Selma Maria Michelin [UNESP]2018-12-11T17:08:57Z2018-12-11T17:08:57Z2017-02-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article256-263application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, v. 167, p. 256-263.1873-26821011-1344http://hdl.handle.net/11449/17406010.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.0242-s2.0-850091533422-s2.0-85009153342.pdfScopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology0,698info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-12-28T06:21:03Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/174060Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T21:32:11.151158Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
title |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
spellingShingle |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine Pissulin, Cristiane Neves Alessi [UNESP] Bupivacaine Low-level light therapy Neuromuscular junction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
title_short |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
title_full |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
title_fullStr |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
title_full_unstemmed |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
title_sort |
GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine |
author |
Pissulin, Cristiane Neves Alessi [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Pissulin, Cristiane Neves Alessi [UNESP] de Souza Castro, Paula Aiello Tom� Codina, Fl�vio [UNESP] Pinto, Carina Guidi [UNESP] Vechetti-Junior, Ivan Jose [UNESP] Matheus, Selma Maria Michelin [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
de Souza Castro, Paula Aiello Tom� Codina, Fl�vio [UNESP] Pinto, Carina Guidi [UNESP] Vechetti-Junior, Ivan Jose [UNESP] Matheus, Selma Maria Michelin [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pissulin, Cristiane Neves Alessi [UNESP] de Souza Castro, Paula Aiello Tom� Codina, Fl�vio [UNESP] Pinto, Carina Guidi [UNESP] Vechetti-Junior, Ivan Jose [UNESP] Matheus, Selma Maria Michelin [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bupivacaine Low-level light therapy Neuromuscular junction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
topic |
Bupivacaine Low-level light therapy Neuromuscular junction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor |
description |
Background Local anesthetics are used to relieve pre- and postoperative pain, acting on both sodium channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Bupivacaine acts as a non-competitive antagonist and has limitations, such as myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and analgesic effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a gallium arsenide laser (GaAs) on the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after application of bupivacaine in the sternomastoid muscle. Methods Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats received injections of bupivacaine 0.5% (Bupi: right antimere) and 0.9% sodium chloride (Cl: left antimere). Next, the animals were divided into a Control group (C) and a Laser group (LLLT). The laser group received LLLT (GaAs 904nm, 50mW, 4,8J) in both antimeres for five consecutive days. After seven days, the animals were euthanized and the surface portion of the sternomastoid muscle was removed, frozen, and subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses of the NMJs (nonspecific esterase reaction), confocal laser scanning, and an ultrastructural analysis. The nAChRs were quantified by Western blotting. Results In the chloride group, the morphology and morphometry of the NMJs remained stable. The maximum diameters of the NMJs were lower in the Bupi (15.048���1.985) and LLLT/Bupi subgroups (15.456���1.983) compared to the Cl (18.502���2.058) and LLLT/Cl subgroups (19.356���2.522) (p�<�0.05). Ultrastructurally, LLLT reduced myonecrosis observed after application of bupivacaine, with recovery in the junctional folds and active zone. There was an increase in the perimeter of the LLLT/Bupi subgroup (150.33) compared to the Bupi subgroup (74.69) (p�<�0.01) observed by confocal microscopy. There was also an increase in the relative planar area of the NMJ after LBI (8.75) compared to CBupi (4.80) (p�<�0.01). An analysis of the protein expression of nAChRα1 showed no major differences in the groups studied. There was an increase in protein expression of the ε subunit after application of LLLT (13.055) compared to Bupi (0.251) (p�<�0.01). Taken together, the present experiments indicate that there was a positive association of the α and γ subunits (p�<�0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that LLLT at the dose used in this study reduced structural alterations in the NMJ and molecular changes in nAChRs triggered by bupivacaine, providing important data supporting the use of LLLT in therapeutic protocols for injuries triggered by local anesthetics. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-02-01 2018-12-11T17:08:57Z 2018-12-11T17:08:57Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024 Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, v. 167, p. 256-263. 1873-2682 1011-1344 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/174060 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024 2-s2.0-85009153342 2-s2.0-85009153342.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/174060 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, v. 167, p. 256-263. 1873-2682 1011-1344 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.024 2-s2.0-85009153342 2-s2.0-85009153342.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 0,698 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
256-263 application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129332448591872 |