Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/206208 |
Resumo: | As of October 8th, 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to COVID-19 hit 5,002,357 and 148,304, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of São Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 1,016,755 cases to date. This study was carried out to investigate how the social distancing measures could have influenced the Ibitinga reservoir's water transparency in São Paulo State, Brazil. We hypothesize that although the city's drainage is the major reservoir's input, as opposed to what has been reported elsewhere, the effect of extensive lockdown in the city of São Paulo due to COVID-19 is marginal on the water transparency. A time series of OLI/Landsat-8 images since 2014 were used to estimate the Secchi Disk Depth (ZSD). The COVID-19 cases and deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants), and social isolation index were used to find links between the ZSD and COVID-19. The results showed that the highest ZDS (higher than 1.6 m) occurred during the dry season (Austral autumn and beginning of Austral winter) and the lowest (0.4–0.8 m) during March 2020 (end of Austral summer). Paired sample t-Tests between images of 2020 and all the others showed that April 20th values were not different from that of June 14th, April 17th and March 18th. ZSD values from May 20th were not statistically different from May 14th and April 15th; June 20th values were not different from June 14th; and March 20th values were statistically different from all. We therefore conclude that, based on satellite data, the lockdown in SSP unlikely have influenced the water transparency in the Ibitinga reservoir. |
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Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdownLockdownOLI/Landsat-8SARS-CoV-2 pandemicWater transparencyAs of October 8th, 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to COVID-19 hit 5,002,357 and 148,304, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of São Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 1,016,755 cases to date. This study was carried out to investigate how the social distancing measures could have influenced the Ibitinga reservoir's water transparency in São Paulo State, Brazil. We hypothesize that although the city's drainage is the major reservoir's input, as opposed to what has been reported elsewhere, the effect of extensive lockdown in the city of São Paulo due to COVID-19 is marginal on the water transparency. A time series of OLI/Landsat-8 images since 2014 were used to estimate the Secchi Disk Depth (ZSD). The COVID-19 cases and deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants), and social isolation index were used to find links between the ZSD and COVID-19. The results showed that the highest ZDS (higher than 1.6 m) occurred during the dry season (Austral autumn and beginning of Austral winter) and the lowest (0.4–0.8 m) during March 2020 (end of Austral summer). Paired sample t-Tests between images of 2020 and all the others showed that April 20th values were not different from that of June 14th, April 17th and March 18th. ZSD values from May 20th were not statistically different from May 14th and April 15th; June 20th values were not different from June 14th; and March 20th values were statistically different from all. We therefore conclude that, based on satellite data, the lockdown in SSP unlikely have influenced the water transparency in the Ibitinga reservoir.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)ASCRS Research FoundationSão Paulo State University – Unesp Department of Environmental EngineeringFederal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pará StateNational Institute of Education and Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological UniversitySão Paulo State University – Unesp Department of Environmental EngineeringUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Science and Technology of Pará StateNanyang Technological UniversityContador, Thaís Miike [UNESP]Alcântara, Enner [UNESP]Rodrigues, ThananPark, Edward2021-06-25T10:28:20Z2021-06-25T10:28:20Z2021-04-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 22.2352-9385http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20620810.1016/j.rsase.2021.1005112-s2.0-85104339982Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengRemote Sensing Applications: Society and Environmentinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-22T22:23:46Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/206208Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T21:16:12.826530Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
title |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
spellingShingle |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown Contador, Thaís Miike [UNESP] Lockdown OLI/Landsat-8 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic Water transparency |
title_short |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
title_full |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
title_fullStr |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
title_full_unstemmed |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
title_sort |
Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown |
author |
Contador, Thaís Miike [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Contador, Thaís Miike [UNESP] Alcântara, Enner [UNESP] Rodrigues, Thanan Park, Edward |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Alcântara, Enner [UNESP] Rodrigues, Thanan Park, Edward |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Science and Technology of Pará State Nanyang Technological University |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Contador, Thaís Miike [UNESP] Alcântara, Enner [UNESP] Rodrigues, Thanan Park, Edward |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Lockdown OLI/Landsat-8 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic Water transparency |
topic |
Lockdown OLI/Landsat-8 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic Water transparency |
description |
As of October 8th, 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to COVID-19 hit 5,002,357 and 148,304, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of São Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 1,016,755 cases to date. This study was carried out to investigate how the social distancing measures could have influenced the Ibitinga reservoir's water transparency in São Paulo State, Brazil. We hypothesize that although the city's drainage is the major reservoir's input, as opposed to what has been reported elsewhere, the effect of extensive lockdown in the city of São Paulo due to COVID-19 is marginal on the water transparency. A time series of OLI/Landsat-8 images since 2014 were used to estimate the Secchi Disk Depth (ZSD). The COVID-19 cases and deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants), and social isolation index were used to find links between the ZSD and COVID-19. The results showed that the highest ZDS (higher than 1.6 m) occurred during the dry season (Austral autumn and beginning of Austral winter) and the lowest (0.4–0.8 m) during March 2020 (end of Austral summer). Paired sample t-Tests between images of 2020 and all the others showed that April 20th values were not different from that of June 14th, April 17th and March 18th. ZSD values from May 20th were not statistically different from May 14th and April 15th; June 20th values were not different from June 14th; and March 20th values were statistically different from all. We therefore conclude that, based on satellite data, the lockdown in SSP unlikely have influenced the water transparency in the Ibitinga reservoir. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-25T10:28:20Z 2021-06-25T10:28:20Z 2021-04-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511 Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 22. 2352-9385 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/206208 10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511 2-s2.0-85104339982 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/206208 |
identifier_str_mv |
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 22. 2352-9385 10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100511 2-s2.0-85104339982 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1808129302498115584 |