Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Moradi, Ehsan
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Terol, Enric, Mora-Navarro, Gaspar, da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP], Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N., Khosravi, Hassan, Fernández, Manuel Pulido, Cerdà, Artemi
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702
Resumo: Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.
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spelling Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methodsISUMPersimmon plantationsSoil bulk densitySoil compactionSoil managementAgricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions University of TehranSoil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Department of Geography Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28Department of Physical Geography Trier UniversityDepartment of Cartographic Engineering Geodesy and Photogrammetry Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/nDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Sciences and Technology of Sorocaba–SP São Paulo State University (UNESP)School of Agriculture Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityGeoEnvironmental Research Group University of ExtremaduraDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Sciences and Technology of Sorocaba–SP São Paulo State University (UNESP)University of TehranValencia UniversityTrier UniversityUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityUniversity of ExtremaduraMoradi, EhsanRodrigo-Comino, JesúsTerol, EnricMora-Navarro, Gasparda Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP]Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N.Khosravi, HassanFernández, Manuel PulidoCerdà, Artemi2020-12-12T02:13:45Z2020-12-12T02:13:45Z2020-07-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article1-18http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020.2077-0472http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20070210.3390/agriculture100702662-s2.0-85087414392Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengAgriculture (Switzerland)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T14:33:36Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/200702Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-06T00:14:32.834643Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
title Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
spellingShingle Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
Moradi, Ehsan
ISUM
Persimmon plantations
Soil bulk density
Soil compaction
Soil management
title_short Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
title_full Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
title_fullStr Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
title_sort Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
author Moradi, Ehsan
author_facet Moradi, Ehsan
Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
Terol, Enric
Mora-Navarro, Gaspar
da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP]
Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N.
Khosravi, Hassan
Fernández, Manuel Pulido
Cerdà, Artemi
author_role author
author2 Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
Terol, Enric
Mora-Navarro, Gaspar
da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP]
Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N.
Khosravi, Hassan
Fernández, Manuel Pulido
Cerdà, Artemi
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv University of Tehran
Valencia University
Trier University
Universitat Politècnica de València
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Hellenic Mediterranean University
University of Extremadura
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Moradi, Ehsan
Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
Terol, Enric
Mora-Navarro, Gaspar
da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP]
Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N.
Khosravi, Hassan
Fernández, Manuel Pulido
Cerdà, Artemi
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv ISUM
Persimmon plantations
Soil bulk density
Soil compaction
Soil management
topic ISUM
Persimmon plantations
Soil bulk density
Soil compaction
Soil management
description Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-12-12T02:13:45Z
2020-12-12T02:13:45Z
2020-07-01
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266
Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020.
2077-0472
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702
10.3390/agriculture10070266
2-s2.0-85087414392
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702
identifier_str_mv Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020.
2077-0472
10.3390/agriculture10070266
2-s2.0-85087414392
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agriculture (Switzerland)
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 1-18
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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