Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702 |
Resumo: | Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services. |
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Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methodsISUMPersimmon plantationsSoil bulk densitySoil compactionSoil managementAgricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services.Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions University of TehranSoil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Department of Geography Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28Department of Physical Geography Trier UniversityDepartment of Cartographic Engineering Geodesy and Photogrammetry Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/nDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Sciences and Technology of Sorocaba–SP São Paulo State University (UNESP)School of Agriculture Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityGeoEnvironmental Research Group University of ExtremaduraDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Sciences and Technology of Sorocaba–SP São Paulo State University (UNESP)University of TehranValencia UniversityTrier UniversityUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityUniversity of ExtremaduraMoradi, EhsanRodrigo-Comino, JesúsTerol, EnricMora-Navarro, Gasparda Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP]Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N.Khosravi, HassanFernández, Manuel PulidoCerdà, Artemi2020-12-12T02:13:45Z2020-12-12T02:13:45Z2020-07-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article1-18http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020.2077-0472http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20070210.3390/agriculture100702662-s2.0-85087414392Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengAgriculture (Switzerland)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T14:33:36Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/200702Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-06T00:14:32.834643Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
title |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
spellingShingle |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods Moradi, Ehsan ISUM Persimmon plantations Soil bulk density Soil compaction Soil management |
title_short |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
title_full |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
title_sort |
Quantifying soil compaction in persimmon orchards using isum (Improved stock unearthing method) and core sampling methods |
author |
Moradi, Ehsan |
author_facet |
Moradi, Ehsan Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús Terol, Enric Mora-Navarro, Gaspar da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP] Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N. Khosravi, Hassan Fernández, Manuel Pulido Cerdà, Artemi |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús Terol, Enric Mora-Navarro, Gaspar da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP] Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N. Khosravi, Hassan Fernández, Manuel Pulido Cerdà, Artemi |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
University of Tehran Valencia University Trier University Universitat Politècnica de València Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Hellenic Mediterranean University University of Extremadura |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Moradi, Ehsan Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús Terol, Enric Mora-Navarro, Gaspar da Silva, Alexandre Marco [UNESP] Daliakopoulos, Ioannis N. Khosravi, Hassan Fernández, Manuel Pulido Cerdà, Artemi |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
ISUM Persimmon plantations Soil bulk density Soil compaction Soil management |
topic |
ISUM Persimmon plantations Soil bulk density Soil compaction Soil management |
description |
Agricultural activities induce micro-topographical changes, soil compaction and structural changes due to soil cultivation, which directly affect ecosystem services. However, little is known about how these soil structural changes occur during and after the planting of orchards, and which key factors and processes play a major role in soil compaction due to cultivation works. This study evaluates the improved stock unearthing method (ISUM) as a low-cost and precise alternative to the tedious and costly traditional core sampling method, to characterize the changes in soil compaction in a representative persimmon orchard in Eastern Spain. To achieve this goal, firstly, in the field, undisturbed soil samples using metallic core rings (in January 2016 and 2019) were collected at different soil depths between 45 paired-trees, and topographic variations were determined following the protocol established by ISUM (January 2019). Our results show that soil bulk density (Bd) increases with depth and in the inter-row area, due to the effect of tractor passes and human trampling. The bulk density values of the top surface layers (0–12 cm) showed the lowest soil accumulation, but the highest temporal and spatial variability. Soil consolidation within three years after planting as calculated using the core samples was 12 mm, whereas when calculated with ISUM, it was 14 mm. The quality of the results with ISUM was better than with the traditional core method, due to the higher amount of sampling points. The ISUM is a promising method to measure soil compaction, but it is restricted to the land where soil erosion does not take place, or where soil erosion is measured to establish a balance of soil redistribution. Another positive contribution of ISUM is that it requires 24 h of technician work to acquire the data, whereas the core method requires 272 h. Our research is the first approach to use ISUM to quantify soil compaction and will contribute to applying innovative and low-cost monitoring methods to agricultural land and conserving ecosystem services. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-12T02:13:45Z 2020-12-12T02:13:45Z 2020-07-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266 Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020. 2077-0472 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702 10.3390/agriculture10070266 2-s2.0-85087414392 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070266 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/200702 |
identifier_str_mv |
Agriculture (Switzerland), v. 10, n. 7, p. 1-18, 2020. 2077-0472 10.3390/agriculture10070266 2-s2.0-85087414392 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Agriculture (Switzerland) |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
1-18 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129599610028032 |