Principais zoonoses em mamíferos selvagens

• Autor(a) principal: Fornazari, Felipe [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Outros Autores: Langoni, Helio [UNESP]
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://www.fmvz.unesp.br/rvz/index.php/rvz/article/view/256; http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140902
• topic: Zoonosis; Wild animals; Toxoplasmosis; Rabies; Leishmaniasis; Leptospirosis; Zoonosis; Fauna; Toxoplasmosis; Rabia; Leishmaniasis; Leptospirosis; Zoonoses; Animais selvagens; Toxoplasmose; Raiva; Leishmaniose; Leptospirose

The study of zoonoses that occurs in wild animals is important in public, animal and environmental health issues. The present study had the objective to revise some of the main zoonoses in wild mammals, especially in Brazil. Toxoplasmosis has great importance in Neotropical primates and Australian marsupials, being fatal in such cases. Prevention consists in hygiene of the enclosures, adequate destiny of cat feces and freeze meat previously before feeding the animals. Especial care should be taken with species that belong to risk groups. Bats are the main wild reservoir of rabies. Species of Carnivora order has also importance in some regions, such as North America, Europe and northeast of Brazil. The use of vaccines in free-ranging terrestrial wild carnivores has showed to be efficient, and its implementation in Brazil could reduce rabies cases, as has occurred in other countries. Leishmaniasis has been a great public health problem and, in the last years, a threat to conservation of captive species, such as wild canids and primates, when they are located in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis. Preventive measures adopted today are considered poorly efficient, and the use of anti-parasitic collars in captive wild canids has been recommended. Information regarding leptospirosis in wild animals is scarce in Brazil. The infection is present in free-ranging animals, as well as in animals kept in large zoos of the country. However, their role as source of infection, as well as the impact of leptospirosis in wild animals, is still unknown. The discussed zoonoses can represent a risk to public health, especially in the case of rabies in the America, Europe and Africa. Animal health consists in an important aspect in some cases, like leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis, once some species can develop severe lesions and come to obit when affected by these diseases.