Quantificação de comprometimento pulmonar causado por tuberculose em exames de raios X e tomografia computadorizada

• Autor(a) principal: Giacomini, Guilherme [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142920; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2016-07-08/000867532.pdf
• topic: Tuberculose; Raios X; Tomografia; Torax - Radiografia; Chest - Radiography

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease which remains a global health problem. The chest radiography is the commonly method employed to assess the TB's evolution. The methods for quantification of abnormalities of chest are usually performed on CT scans (CT). This quantification is important to assess the TB evolution and treatment and comparing different treatments. However, precise quantification is not feasible for the amount of CT scans required. The purpose of this work was to develop a quantitative objective method for pulmonary inflammatory process through chest radiographs, using TB disease as a model. We developed a semiautomatic algorithm to segment the X-ray exams, which were used to determine the pulmonary volume. We defined the inflammatory process volume from the relation between the relative thickness of pulmonary inflammatory process by HRCT and the signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) by X-ray exams. The developed method was performed with 30 patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB. The data was compared with quantification method from HRCT scans, for the same patients. Statistical analysis was performed by linear regression, Bland-Altman plot and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The linear regression line had a correlation coefficient of R² = 0.97 and p < 0.0001, showing a strong association between X-ray and HRCT methods. The Bland-Altman analyses showed no significant differences between the two quantification methods. The developed method is a good tool to quantification the pulmonary inflammatory process with lower dose to patient and lower cost to the institution. Although we used a TB model, this work can be used to many other pulmonary diseases which have fibrosis as sequelae