Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
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Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/164793 |
Resumo: | Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. |
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Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adultsBackground Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.Wellcome TrustAstraZenecaImperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London W2 1PG, EnglandUniv Kent, Canterbury, Kent, EnglandImperial College London, London, EnglandMiddlesex Univ, London, EnglandWHO, Geneva, SwitzerlandCleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USAYale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USAUniv Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USAVictor Babes Univ Med & Pharm Timisoara, Timisoara, RomaniaUniv Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaJohns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USAIsfahan Univ Med Sci, Esfahan, IranSouth African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaSeoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South KoreaNatl Inst Nutr, Secunderabad, IndiaHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USAPeking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruAin Shams Univ, Cairo, EgyptKarolinska Inst, Stockholm, SwedenUniv Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalUniv Putra Malasia, Seri Kembangan, MalaysiaHosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaAga Khan Univ, Karachi, PakistanCaja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa RicaAl Quds Univ, Jerusalem, PalestineCtr Diabet & Endocrine Care, Bengaluru, IndiaBirzeit Univ, Birzeit, PalestineInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoInt Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, PhilippinesUniv Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaMahidol Univ, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, ThailandBARC, Dhaka, BangladeshInst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNoncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranLeibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Leipzig, GermanyNatl Ctr Diabet Endocrinol, Amman, JordanKazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, KazakhstanKing Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, KuwaitMinist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah Int Med Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaUniv 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PortugalShahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, IranIndian Council Med Res, New Delhi, IndiaKing Abdulaziz Univ, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaUniv Sci & Technol, Taizi, YemenMed Univ Lodz, Lodz, PolandMed Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandUniv Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniv Palermo, Palermo, ItalyPan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USAMohammed V Univ Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoUniv Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilDalhousie Univ, Calgary, AB, CanadaJordan Univ Technol, Amman, JordanUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilUniv Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandUniv Tunis El Manar, El Manar, TunisiaFed Minist Hlth & Womens Affairs, Vienna, AustriaCAFAM Univ Fdn, Bogota, ColombiaImperial Coll London, London, EnglandLithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, LithuaniaUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilBJ Med Coll, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaChirayu Med Coll, Bhopal, IndiaSunder Lal Jain Hosp, Delhi, IndiaShandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaNorwegian Inst Publ, Oslo, NorwayUfa Eye Res Inst, Moscow, RussiaUniv Montenegro, Montenegro, MexicoUniv Southern Denmark, Lyngby, DenmarkUniv Oslo, Oslo, NorwayUniv Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Turin, Turin, ItalyUCL, London, EnglandLiverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool, Merseyside, EnglandNanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, SingaporeGerman Inst Human Nutr, Hamburg, GermanyUniv Republica, Montevideo, UruguayCEMIC, La Plata, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Naples, ItalyToulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, FranceUniv Lausanne, Minist Hlth, Lausanne, SwitzerlandFlemish Agcy Care & Hlth, Brussels, BelgiumUniv Ghent, Ghent, BelgiumFrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, NetherlandsUniv Cent Venezuela, Caracas, VenezuelaBielefeld Univ, Bielefeld, GermanyWHO, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, DenmarkGerman Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, GermanyFred Hollows Fdn New Zealand, Auckland, New ZealandCarol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, RomaniaNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amersroot, NetherlandsUniv Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, DenmarkInst Publ Hlth, Tirana, AlbaniaCork Inst Technol, Cork, IrelandUniv La Laguna, San Cristobal la Laguna, SpainUniv Malta, Msida, MaltaVanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USAMinist Hlth, Pangai, TongaCanadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, CanadaHosp Santa Maria, Lisbon, PortugalIstanbul Univ, Istanbul, TurkeyUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, PortugalFood & Nutr Res Inst, Manila, PhilippinesSantiago de Compostela Univ, Santiago De Compostela, SpainAssoc Calabrese Epatol, Perugia, ItalyIndia Diabet Res Fdn, Delhi, IndiaDuke NUS Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeNatl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, IndiaAcad Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanCapital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaDuke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USAKailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Peoples R ChinaUniv Oxford, Oxford, EnglandDuke NUS MEd Sch, Singapore, SingaporeGertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, IsraelNatl Ctr Publ Hlth & Anal, Sofia, BulgariaUniv Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandMinist Hlth & Welfare, Taipei, TaiwanMurcia Reg Hlth Council, Murcia, SpainSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South KoreaKorea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South KoreaUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, BrazilMed Univ Silesia, Katowice, PolandCharles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicKatholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumAgcy Prevent & Social Med, Vienna, AustriaUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Southampton, Southampton, Hants, EnglandInst Pasteur, Lille, FranceCIBEROBN, Barcelona, SpainNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Bucharest, RomaniaNatl Council Res, Rome, ItalyUniv Fed Santa Catarin, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilEduardo Mondlane Univ, Maputo, MozambiqueUniv Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkRes Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Glostrup, DenmarkTabriz Hlth Serv Managemnet Ctr, Tabriz, IranLille Univ Hosp, Lille, FranceSci Inst Publ Hlth, Brussels, BelgiumMadaras Diabet Res Fdn, Chennai, IndiaNatl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, RussiaErasmus MC, Rotterdam, NetherlandsUniv Montreal, Montreal, PQ, CanadaInst Rech Dev, Montpellier, FranceFrench Publ Hlth Agcy, St Maurice, FranceUniv Vale Rio Sino, Sao Leopoldo, BrazilNatl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaUniv Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, IranNatl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, VietnamUniv Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaIst Super Sanita, Rome, ItalyHelmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, GermanyMinist Sante & Lutte Contre Sida, Abidjan, Cote IvoireCardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, PolandBeijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Latvia, Riga, LatviaUniv Benin, Benin, NigeriaUniv Skovde, Skovde, SwedenNatl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, TunisiaUniv Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USAUniv Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South AfricaKaradeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, TurkeyUniv Southern Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkNatl Inst Hlth & Welfare, Helsinki, FinlandQueens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North IrelandUniv Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandPrimary Health Care, Floriana, MaltaCtr Salud Villanueva Norte, Villanueva De La Serena, SpainUniv West Indies, Mona, JamaicaHosp Don Benito Villanueva de la Serena, Villanueva De La Serena, SpainMinist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaCouncil Agr Res & Econ, Rome, ItalyPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv Toulouse, Sch Med, Toulouse, FranceUniv Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, EnglandUniv Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaInst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoUniv Sains Malaysia, George Town, MalaysiaUmea Univ, Umea, SwedenDalarna University, Falun, SwedenUniv West Indies, Kingston, JamaicaUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Univ Son Espases, Palma De Mallorca, SpainHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, BrazilKindai Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka, JapanKyoto Univ, Kyoto, JapanMed Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandMinist Hlth, Rome, ItalyUniv Catania, Catania, ItalyCIBER Epidemiol & Salud 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SingaporeIceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, IcelandUniv Icesi, Cali, ColombiaUniv Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, BrazilKings Coll London, London, EnglandInt Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, FranceCapital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaHealis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Navi Mumbai, IndiaEternal Heart Care Ctr Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaUniv Ibadan, Ibadan, NigeriaChildrens Memorial Hlth Inst, Warsaw, PolandInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaRes & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Nicosia, CyprusMinist Hlth, Seri Begawan, BruneiDanish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv West Indies, Bridgetown, BarbadosAlexander Technol Educ Inst Thessaloniki, Sindos, GreeceKyushu Univ, Fukuoka, JapanTulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USAUniv Pecs, Pecs, HungaryUniv Coll Dublin, Dublin, IrelandUniv Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoOulu Univ Hosp, SF-90100 Oulu, FinlandUniv Autonoma Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, ColombiaSwiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, SwitzerlandChron Diseases Res Ctr, Tehran, IranUniv Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaChinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Western Australia, Perth, WA, AustraliaKingston Gen Hosp, Kingston, ON, CanadaHeart Inst, Sao Paulo, BrazilFdn Oftalmol Santander, Floridablanca, ColombiaUniv Oran 1, Oran, AlgeriaMinist Hlth, Naypyitaw, MyanmarVrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, NetherlandsVrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsAmer Univ Beirut, Beirut, LebanonIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, ItalyCardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, ItalyCairo Univ, Giza, EgyptNatl Inst Hlth & Nutr, Tokyo, JapanUHC Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaNiigata Univ, Niigata, JapanHadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, IsraelJordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, JordanNorwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondheim, NorwaySports Univ Tirana, Tirana, AlbaniaUniv Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb, CroatiaHeart Fdn, Fortitude Valley, AustraliaNatl Hlth Insurance Serv, Seoul, South KoreaGuangzhou 12th Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaNatl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Havana, CubaSimon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, CanadaHeidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, GermanyWorld Hlth Org Country Off, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaInst Publ Hlth Serbia, Belgrade, SerbiaCzestochowa Tech Univ, Czestochowa, PolandUniv Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaUniv Crete, Rethimnon, GreeceUniv Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, MalaysiaHellen Med Assoc Obes, Athens, GreeceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USAUniv Eastern Finland, Joensuu, FinlandNatl Inst Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaUfa Eye Res Inst, Ufa, RussiaUniv Munster, Munster, GermanyIsrael Ctr for Dis Control, Ramat Gan, IsraelOulu Univ Hosp, Oulu, FinlandIsfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan, IsraelKyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanRes Inst Child Nutr, Dortmund, GermanyNatl Ctr Diabetes & Endocrinol, Amman, JordanUniv Cambridge, Cambridge, EnglandMed Univ Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaMuhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaNatl Canc Ctr, Goyang Si, South KoreaNatl Hlh Insurance Serv, Seoul, South KoreaStat Austria, Vienna, AustriaBP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Dharan, NepalInst Trop Med, Antwerp, BelgiumTartu Univ Clin, Tartu, EstoniaNatl Inst Pharm & Nutr, Budapest, HungaryMinis Hlth & Qual Life, Port Louis, MauritiusPolish Acad Sci, Anthropol Unit Wroclaw, Wroclaw, PolandUniv Hosp Ulm, Ulm, GermanyUniv Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsNorth West Univ, Potchefstroom, South AfricaNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech RepublicUniv Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, FinlandAmrita Inst Med Sci, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, IndiaInst Endocrinol, Prague, Czech RepublicAll India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, IndiaAfrican Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, KenyaHanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Hanoi, VietnamHigher Inst Nursing Profess & Tech Hlth Morocco, Rabat, MoroccoNatl Inst Publ Hlth Algeria, Algiers, AlgeriaMinist Salud Publ, Havana, CubaSahlgrens Acad, Gothenburg, SwedenEndocrinol & Met Res Ctr, Arak, IranIndicium Res, Manila, PhilippinesFood & Agr Org, Rome, ItalyNatl Univ Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeTampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, FinlandUniv Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaWest Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV USAFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilNatl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TaiwanUniv Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUppsala Univ, Uppsala, SwedenCapital Med Univ, Beijing An Zhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaNatl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, EstoniaUniv Med Greifswald, Greifswald, GermanyConsejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Valladolid, SpainUniv Fed Ouro Pret, Ouro Preto, BrazilJikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, JapanCNR, Rome, ItalyBaker Heart & Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaAgr Univ Athens, Athens, GreeceUniv Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, MalaysiaInst Rech Dev, Marseille, FranceHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, BrazilShiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, IranInst Internal & Prevent Med, Novosibirsk, RussiaHarokopio Univ, Kallithea, GreeceUniv Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandUniv Padua, Padua, ItalyTechnol Educ Inst Crete, Iraklion, GreeceLoughborough Univ Technol, Loughborough, Leics, EnglandUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilLausanne Univ Hosp, Lausanne, SwitzerlandInst Hosp Mard Invest Med, Barcelona, SpainMary Immaculate Coll, Limerick, IrelandEmory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAHungarian Soc Sports Med, Budapest, HungarySherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, IndiaUiT Arctic Univ Norway, Tromso, NorwayCape Peninsula Univ Technol, Cape Town, South AfricaUniv Rzeszow, Rzeszow, PolandUniv Yaounde I, Yaounde, CameroonBrown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USAUniv Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandStat Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaInt Med Univ, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaINSERM, Villejuif, FranceHelmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Oberschleissheim, GermanyRobert Koch Inst, Berlin, GermanyLusofona Univ, Lisbon, PortugalDemocritus Univ Greece, Komotini, GreeceGrigore T Popa Univ Med & Pharm, Iasi, RomaniaUniv Firenze, Florence, ItalyHypertens Res Ctr, Esfahan, IranMulago Hosp, Kampala, UgandaUniv Limpopo, Polokwane, South AfricaSeoul Natl Univ, Childrens Hosp, Seoul, South KoreaUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Med Sci, Havana, CubaUniv Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainR CSI Dublin, Dublin, IrelandInt Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Warsaw, PolandAin Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAhvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Ahwaz, IranGorgas Memorial Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, PanamaDept Publ Hlth, Nay Pyi Taw, MyanmarUniv Brescia, Brescia, ItalyHelmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, GermanyUniv Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FinlandMary Immaculate Coll, Tours, FranceBushehr Univ Med Sci, Bushehr, IranUlm Univ, Ulm, GermanyInst Publ Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaKobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanBanska Bystrica Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, SlovakiaSuraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaHelen Keller Int, Yaounde, CameroonKarolinska Inst, Solna, SwedenNatl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, VietnamUniv Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamHanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, VietnamMiami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Miami, FL USAHeartfile, Islamabad, PakistanNatl Canc Ctr, Tokyo, JapanEastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, JordanState Univ Med & Pharm, Kishinev, MoldovaTachikawa Gen Hosp, Tachikawa, Tokyo, JapanAcad Hosp Paramaribo, Paramaribo, SurinamUniv Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, BrazilNatl Food & Nutr Inst, Warsaw, PolandMinist Hlth, Bandar Seri Begawan, BruneiUniv Fed Santa Catarin, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Madeira, Funchal, PortugalUniv Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USAMRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, EnglandAarhus Univ, Aarhus, DenmarkKwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, GhanaInst Social & Prevent, Lausanne, SwitzerlandCanc Prevent & Res Inst, Florence, ItalyUniv Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USAIRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenz, San Giovanni Rotondo, ItalyZayed Univ, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesCatholic Univ Daegu, Gyongsan, South KoreaTg Mures Univ Med & Pharm, Targu Mures, RomaniaJivandeep Hosp, Surat, IndiaSouth African Med Res Council, Tygerberg, South AfricaUniv Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilSpanish Agcy Consumer Affairs Social Serv & Nutr, Madrid, SpainUniv Puerto Rico, Med Sci Campus, San Juan, PR USAMinist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, IranVietnam Natl Heart Inst, Hanoi, VietnamLeibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, GermanyUniv Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia & HercegCardiovasc Prevent Ctr Udine, Udine, ItalyUniv Hosp Pisa, Pisa, ItalyMinist Hlth & Med Serv, Honiara, Solomon IslandsPubl Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Barcelona, SpainUniv Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaUniv Montenegro, Podgorica, MontenegroInst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Barcelona, SpainAgcy Prevent and Social Med, Innsbruck, AustriaDigest Oncol Res Ctr, Tehran, IranDigest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranCHU Vaudois, Lausanne, SwitzerlandCtr Dis & Prevent Control, Riga, LatviaAl Quds Univ, Jerusalem, IsraelAlborz Univ Med Sci, Karaj, IranMinist Hlth, Hanoi, VietnamBRAC, Dhaka, BangladeshInst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, BangladeshUniv Turku, Turku, FinlandIndia Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaUniv New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaInst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol, Barcelona, SpainUniv Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaUniv Valencia, Valencia, SpainUniv Philippines, Quezon City, PhilippinesNutr Res Fdn, Barcelona, SpainMinas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHlth Ctr San Agustin, San AgustIn, SpainPharmAccess Fdn, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNatl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, PortugalPubl Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaCanarian Hlth Serv, Barcelona, SpainUniv Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, ColombiaInst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, MexicoCIBEROBN, Madrid, SpainGothenburg Univ, Gothenburg, SwedenFiji Natl Univ, Suva, FijiCNR, Inst Food Sci, Rome, ItalySitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, IndiaUniv Tunis El Mana, Tunis, TunisiaNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandNatl Inst Hlth Peru, Lima, PeruMinist Hlth, South Jakarta, IndonesiaCatalan Dept Hlth, Barcelona, SpainPubl Hlth Subdelegate Off, Barcelona, SpainUniv Lisbon, Lisbon, PortugalPrevent Med & Publ Hlth, Lisbon, PortugalUniv Sao Paulo, Clin Hosp, Sao Paulo, BrazilSouth Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Lappeenranta, FinlandIsfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Esfahan, IranHosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaRigshosp, Copenhagen, DenmarkMinist Hlth, Naypyidaw, MyanmarLagos State Univ, Coll Med, Lagos, NigeriaUniv Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, SpainBaker Heart and Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaUniv Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanSamsung Med Ctr, Seoul, South KoreaFinnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, FinlandSt Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaAcad Med Ctr Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsHlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst, Jakarta, IndonesiaUniv Bari, Bari, ItalyInst Reg Sante Publ, Cotonou, BeninUniv Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceInst Publ Hlth Republ Macedonia, Skopje, MacedoniaUniv Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumLamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AG, Zurich, SwitzerlandINSERM, Paris, FranceUniv Bonn, Bonn, GermanySotiria Hosp, Athens, GreeceNatl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, PolandSwansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, WalesFu Jen Catholic Univ, New Taipei, TaiwanMinist Hlth, Amman, JordanNatl Inst Hlth, Lima, PeruUNICEF, Yaounde, CameroonDanish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Copenhagen, DenmarkHlth Serv Murcia, Murcia, SpainRes & Educ Inst, Nicosia, CyprusIB SALUT Area Salut Menorca, Palma de Mallorca, SpainUniv Bologna, Bologna, ItalyHellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, GreeceUniv Pharm & Med Ho Chi Min City, Ho Chi Minh, VietnamGovernm Med Coll, Secunderabad, IndiaSefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Kangnung, South KoreaAddis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDasman Diabet Inst, Kuwait, KuwaitMinist Hlth, Thorndon, New ZealandHellen Med Associat Obes, Athens, GreeceUniv Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, VenezuelaMeharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USADokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, TurkeyUniv Tampere, Tays Eye Ctr, Tampere, FinlandPolytech Inst Porto, Oporto, PortugalUniv Utrecht, Utrecht, NetherlandsAmsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven, NetherlandsFed Univ Pelota, Pelotas, BrazilItalian Natl Res Council, Rome, ItalyUniv Miguel Hernandez, Elche, SpainMinist Hlth, Victoria, SeychellesNorth Karelian Ctr Publ Hlth, Joensuu, FinlandISGlobal Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, SpainUniv Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaMed Univ Vienna, Vienna, AustriaUniv Coll Cork, Cork, IrelandInst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaXinjiang Med Univ, Urumqi, Peoples R ChinaSt Georges Univ London, London, EnglandUniv Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaNatl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, PolandCaja Costarricense Seguro Social, Atenas, Costa RicaUniv Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, MalaysiaUniv New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, AustraliaUniv Mancheste, Manchester, Lancs, EnglandShandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R ChinaKailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R ChinaMinist Agr, Inst Food & Dev, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaFudan Univ, Childrens Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaChinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Cyprus, Nicosia, CyprusUniv Teknol MARA, Shah Alam, MalaysiaCapital Med Univ Beijing, An Zhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaWest Kazakhstan State Med Univ, Aktobe, KazakhstanInner Mongolia Med Univ, Hohhot, Peoples R ChinaGorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, PanamaUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, BrazilElsevier B.V.Imperial Coll LondonUniv KentImperial College LondonMiddlesex UnivWHOCleveland ClinYale UnivUniv Calif BerkeleyVictor Babes Univ Med & Pharm TimisoaraUniv SydneyJohns Hopkins UnivIsfahan Univ Med SciSouth African Med Res CouncilSeoul Natl UnivNatl Inst NutrHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ HlthPeking UnivUniv Peruana Cayetano HerediaAin Shams UnivKarolinska InstUniv CoimbraUniv Putra MalasiaHosp Sick ChildrenAga Khan UnivCaja Costarricense Seguro SocialAl Quds UnivCtr Diabet & Endocrine CareBirzeit UnivInst Mexicano Seguro SocialInt Rice Res InstUniv AdelaideMahidol UnivBARCInst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador ZubiranUniv AmsterdamNoncommun Dis Res CtrLeibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPSNatl Ctr Diabet EndocrinolKazakh Natl Med UnivKing Saud UnivKuwait Inst Sci ResMinist HlthKing Abdullah Int Med Res CtrUniv Malaysia SabahLuxembourg Inst HlthISGlobal Ctr Res Environm EpidemolBombay Hosp & Med Res CtrLille Univ & HospLondon Sch Hyg & Trop MedWestern Norway Univ App SciNorwegian Sch Sport SciUniv CuencaBispebjerg HospFrederiksberg Univ HospMadras Diabet Res FdnNatl Inst Publ HlthUniv PortoNorwegian Inst Publ HlthMinist Hlth MalaysiaUniv StrasbourgStrasbourg Univ HospNepal Hlth Res CouncilUniv IcelandUniv YaoundeUniv Fed PelotasUniv MedShahid Beheshti Univ Med SciIndian Council Med ResKing Abdulaziz UnivUniv Sci & TechnolMed Univ LodzMed Univ GdanskUniv Autonoma MadridUniv PalermoPan Amer Hlth OrgMohammed V Univ RabatUniv PernambucoDalhousie UnivJordan Univ TechnolUniv Fed MaranhaoUniv AucklandUniv Tunis El ManarFed Minist Hlth & Womens AffairsCAFAM Univ FdnLithuanian Univ Hlth SciUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)BJ Med CollChirayu Med CollSunder Lal Jain HospShandong Univ Tradit Chinese MedShanghai Jiao Tong UnivNorwegian Inst PublUfa Eye Res InstUniv MontenegroUniv Southern DenmarkUniv OsloUniv GothenburgNatl Inst Publ Hlth & EnvironmUniv TurinUCLLiverpool John Moores UnivNanyang Technol UnivGerman Inst Human NutrUniv RepublicaCEMICIRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo NeuromedToulouse UnivUniv LausanneFlemish Agcy Care & HlthUniv GhentFrieslandCampinaUniv Cent VenezuelaBielefeld UnivGerman Canc Res CtrFred Hollows Fdn New ZealandCarol Davila Univ Med & PharmInst Publ HlthCork Inst TechnolUniv La LagunaUniv MaltaVanderbilt UnivCanadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res InstHosp Santa MariaIstanbul UnivUniv Fed Juiz de ForaFood & Nutr Res InstSantiago de Compostela UnivAssoc Calabrese EpatolIndia Diabet Res FdnDuke NUS Med SchNatl Inst Med StatAcad SinicaCapital Inst PediatDuke UnivKailuan General HospitalUniv OxfordDuke NUS MEd SchGertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy ResNatl Ctr Publ Hlth & AnalUniv BernMinist Hlth & WelfareMurcia Reg Hlth CouncilKorea Ctr Dis Control & PreventUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Med Univ SilesiaCharles Univ PragueKatholieke Univ LeuvenAgcy Prevent & Social MedUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)Univ SouthamptonInst PasteurCIBEROBNNatl Council ResUniv Fed Santa CatarinEduardo Mondlane UnivUniv CopenhagenRes Ctr Prevent & HlthTabriz Hlth Serv Managemnet CtrLille Univ HospSci Inst Publ HlthMadaras Diabet Res FdnNatl Res Ctr Prevent MedErasmus MCUniv MontrealInst Rech DevFrench Publ Hlth AgcyUniv Vale Rio SinoNatl Council Sci & Tech ResUniv ZagrebUniv Tehran Med SciUniv QueenslandIst Super SanitaHelmholtz Zentrum MunchenMinist Sante & Lutte Contre SidaCardinal Wyszynski Inst CardiolBeijing Ctr Dis Prevent & ControlUniv LatviaUniv BeninUniv SkovdeNatl Inst Nutr & Food TechnolUniv Calif DavisUniv StellenboschKaradeniz Tech UnivUniv Southern CopenhagenNatl Inst Hlth & WelfareQueens Univ BelfastUniv ZurichPrimary Health CareCtr Salud Villanueva NorteUniv West IndiesHosp Don Benito Villanueva de la SerenaCouncil Agr Res & EconPontificia Univ Catolica ChileUniv ToulouseUniv ManchesterUniv TartuInst Nacl Salud PublUniv Sains MalaysiaUmea UnivDalarna UniversityUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hosp Univ Son EspasesHosp Clin Porto AlegreUniv Fed Rio Grande do SulKindai UnivKyoto UnivMed Univ WarsawUniv CataniaCIBER Epidemiol & Salud PublUniv KwaZulu NatalGeneva Univ HospAustralian Bur StatWageningen UnivNoncommunicable Dis Res CtrUniv InsubriaLund UnivMcGill UnivAndes Clin Cardiometab StudiesUniv Politecn MadridUniv Lille 2Inst Clin & Expt MedChildrens Mem Hlth InstAlexander Technol Educ InstJagiellonian UnivAzienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio EmanueleUniv Novi SadNatl Ctr Cardiovasc DisUniv FerraraSingapore Eye Res InstIceland Heart AssocUniv IcesiUniv Estadual Montes ClarosKings Coll LondonInt Agcy Res CancCapital Med UnivHealis Sekhsaria Inst Publ HlthEternal Heart Care Ctr Res InstUniv IbadanChildrens Memorial Hlth InstInst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth PolicyRes & Educ Inst Child HlthDanish Canc SocAlexander Technol Educ Inst ThessalonikiKyushu UnivTulane UnivUniv PecsUniv Coll DublinOulu Univ HospUniv Autonoma BucaramangaSwiss Fed Inst TechnolChron Diseases Res CtrUniv Hong KongChinese Univ Hong KongUniv Western AustraliaKingston Gen HospFdn Oftalmol SantanderUniv Oran 1Vrije Univ AmsterdamAmer Univ BeirutCardiol Mercato S SeverinoCairo UnivNatl Inst Hlth & NutrUHC ZagrebNiigata UnivHadassah UnivJordan Univ Sci & TechnolNorwegian Univ Sci & TechnolSports Univ TiranaHeart FdnNatl Hlth Insurance ServGuangzhou 12th HospNatl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & MicrobiolSimon Fraser UnivHeidelberg UnivWorld Hlth Org Country OffInst Publ Hlth SerbiaCzestochowa Tech UnivUniv LjubljanaUniv CreteUniv Kebangsaan MalaysiaHellen Med Assoc ObesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ HlthUniv Eastern FinlandNatl Inst EpidemiolUniv MunsterIsrael Ctr for Dis ControlKyrgyz State Med AcadRes Inst Child NutrNatl Ctr Diabetes & EndocrinolUniv CambridgeMed Univ InnsbruckMuhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied SciNatl Canc CtrNatl Hlh Insurance ServStat AustriaBP Koirala Inst Hlth SciInst Trop MedTartu Univ ClinNatl Inst Pharm & NutrMinis Hlth & Qual LifePolish Acad SciUniv Hosp UlmUniv GroningenNorth West UnivUniv JyvaskylaAmrita Inst Med SciInst EndocrinolAll India Inst Med SciAfrican Populat & Hlth Res CtrHanoi Univ Publ HlthHigher Inst Nursing Profess & Tech Hlth MoroccoNatl Inst Publ Hlth AlgeriaMinist Salud PublSahlgrens AcadEndocrinol & Met Res CtrIndicium ResFood & Agr OrgNatl Univ SingaporeTampere Univ HospUniv Cape TownWest Virginia UnivFundacao Oswaldo CruzNatl Taiwan UnivUniv Chinese Acad SciUppsala UnivNatl Inst Hlth DevUniv Med GreifswaldConsejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & LeonUniv Fed Ouro PretJikei UnivCNRBaker Heart & Diabet InstAgr Univ AthensUniv Putra MalaysiaHosp Israelita Albert EinsteinShiraz Univ Med SciInst Internal & Prevent MedHarokopio UnivUniv OtagoUniv PaduaTechnol Educ Inst CreteLoughborough Univ TechnolLausanne Univ HospInst Hosp Mard Invest MedMary Immaculate CollEmory UnivHungarian Soc Sports MedSherikashmir Inst Med SciUiT Arctic Univ NorwayCape Peninsula Univ TechnolUniv RzeszowUniv Yaounde IBrown UnivUniv EdinburghStat CanadaInt Med UnivINSERMRobert Koch InstLusofona UnivDemocritus Univ GreeceGrigore T Popa Univ Med & PharmUniv FirenzeHypertens Res CtrMulago HospUniv LimpopoUniv Med SciUniv ZaragozaR CSI DublinInt Inst Mol & Cell BiolAin Shams UniversityAhvaz Jundishapur Univ Med SciGorgas Memorial Inst Publ HlthDept Publ HlthUniv BresciaBushehr Univ Med SciUlm UnivKobe 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New South WalesInst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi GolUniv MalayaUniv ValenciaUniv PhilippinesNutr Res FdnMinas Gerais State Secretariat HlthHlth Ctr San AgustinPharmAccess FdnNatl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo JorgePubl Hlth Agcy CanadaCanarian Hlth ServUniv Ind SantanderGothenburg UnivFiji Natl UnivSitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & ResUniv Tunis El ManaUniv HelsinkiNatl Inst Hlth PeruCatalan Dept HlthPubl Hlth Subdelegate OffUniv LisbonPrevent Med & Publ HlthSouth Karelia Social & Hlth Care DistIsfahan Cardiovasc Res CtrHosp Italiano Buenos AiresRigshospLagos State UnivUniv Las Palmas Gran CanariaBaker Heart and Diabet InstUniv TokyoSamsung Med CtrFinnish Inst Occupat HlthSt Vincents HospAcad Med Ctr AmsterdamHlth Polytech Jakarta II InstUniv BariInst Reg Sante PublUniv BordeauxInst Publ Hlth Republ MacedoniaUniv LeuvenLamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AGUniv BonnSotiria HospSwansea UnivFu Jen Catholic UnivNatl Inst HlthUNICEFDanish Canc Soc Res CtrHlth Serv MurciaRes & Educ InstIB SALUT Area Salut MenorcaUniv BolognaHellen Hlth FdnUniv Pharm & Med Ho Chi Min CityGovernm Med CollSefako Makgatho Hlth Sci UnivAddis Ababa UnivDasman Diabet InstHellen Med Associat ObesUniv Ctr Occidental Lisandro AlvaradoMeharry Med CollDokuz Eylul UnivUniv TamperePolytech Inst PortoUniv UtrechtAmsterdam Publ Hlth Res InstUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)Fed Univ PelotaItalian Natl Res CouncilUniv Miguel HernandezNorth Karelian Ctr Publ HlthISGlobal Ctr Res Environm EpidemiolUniv WitwatersrandMed Univ ViennaUniv Coll CorkInst Med ResXinjiang Med UnivSt Georges Univ LondonUniv IndonesiaNatl Inst HygUniv ManchesteKailuan Gen HospMinist AgrFudan UnivChinese Ctr Dis Control & PreventUniv CyprusUniv Teknol MARACapital Med Univ BeijingWest Kazakhstan State Med UnivInner Mongolia Med UnivGorgas Mem Inst Publ HlthEzzati, MajidBentham, JamesDi Cesare, MariachiaraBilano, VerBixby, HonorZhou, BinStevens, Gretchen A.Riley, Leanne M.Taddei, CristinaHajifathalian, KavehLu, YuanSavin, 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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
title |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
spellingShingle |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults Ezzati, Majid |
title_short |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
title_full |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
title_fullStr |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
title_sort |
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults |
author |
Ezzati, Majid |
author_facet |
Ezzati, Majid Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Bilano, Ver Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Taddei, Cristina Hajifathalian, Kaveh Lu, Yuan Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Paciore, Christopher J. Chirita-Emandi, Adela Hayes, Alison J. Katz, Joanne Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Li, Yanping Ma, Jun Miranda, J. Jaime Mostafa, Aya Neovius, Martin Padez, Cristina Rampal, Lekhraj Zhu, Aubrianna Bennet, James E. Danaei, Goodarz Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Hamid, Zargar Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Acuin, Cecilia Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemng, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Akhtaeva, Nazgul Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M. Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Al-Raddadi, Rajaa AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukai, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Ali, Osman Alkerwi, Ala'a Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andrade, Dolores S. Angquist, Lars H. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Arianse, Inger Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Aung, May Soe Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azizi, Fereidoun Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Baker, Jennifer L. Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barros, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. G. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batista, Rosangela L. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benedics, Judith Benet, Mikhail Bernabe, Antonio Bernotiene, Gailute Bettiol, Heloisa Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bhatti, Zaid Bi, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Biehl, Anna Bikbov, Mukharram Bista, Bihungum Bjelica, Dusko J. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertnes, Espen Bjness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boddy, Lynne M. Boehm, Bernhard O. Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bonaccio, Marialaura Bongard, Vanina Bovet, Pascal Braeckevelt, Lien Braeckman, Lutgart Bragt, Marjolijn C. E. Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Breda, Joao Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Brinduse, Lacramioara Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. Bugge, Anna Buoncristiano, Marta Burazeri, Genc Burns, Con Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cai, Hui Cama, Tilema Cameron, Christine Camola, Jose Can, Gunay Candido, Ana P. C. C. Capanzana, Mario Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Cho, Yumi Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. [UNESP] Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clays, Els Concin, Hans Confortin, Susana C. Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cucu, Alexandra D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Damasceno, Albertino Damsgaard, Camilla T. Danae, Goodarz Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dastgiri, Saeed Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia Gaetano, Giovanni de De Henauw, Stefaan Oliveira, Paula Duarte de De Ridder, Karin De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. Dehghan, Abbas Delisle, Helene Delpeuch, Francis Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donati, Maria Benedetta Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Dorosty, Ahmad Reza Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Duan, Jia Li Duante, Charmaine Duleva, Vesselka Dulskiene, Virginija Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El Ati, Jalila Elliott, Paul Engle-Stone, Reina Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo, Jorge Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fall, Caroline H. Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. [UNESP] Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrieres, Jean Finn, Joseph D. Fischer, Krista Monterubio Flores, Eric Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuch, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Gafencu, Mihai Galeone, Daniela Galvano, Fabio Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geiger, Harald Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwerman, Aleksander Godos, Justyna Gogen, Sibel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Goltzman, David Goncalves, Helen Gonzalez-Leon, Margot Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gottrand, Frederic Graca, Antonio Pedro Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Grujic, Vera Gu, Dongfeng Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela Guallar-Castillon, Pilar Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc Guo, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Hadaegh, Farzad Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Si-Ramlee, Khairil Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hassapidou, Maria Hata, Jun He, Jiang Heidinger-Felso, Regina Heinen, Mirjam Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Herrera, Victor M. Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle Heshmat, Ramin Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Hofman, Albert Hopman, Wilma M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif Chinh Nguyen Huu Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Hyska, Jolanda Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibarluzea, Jesus M. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Ismail, Aziz al-Safi Ivkovic, Vanja Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Jarani, Juel Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jeong, Seung-Lyeal Jiang, Chao Qiang Magaly Jimenez-Acosta, Santa Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jonas, Jost B. Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Jovic, Dragana P. Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kapantais, Efthymios Karki, Khem B. Kasaeian, Amir Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelleher, Cecily Kemper, Han C. G. Kengne, Andre P. Kerimkulova, Alina Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Ousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khateeb, Mohammad Khaw, Kay-Tee Khouw, Ilse M. S. L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiech, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Klimont, Jeannette Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Koirala, Bhawesh Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kovacs, Viktoria A. Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratzer, Wolfgang Kriemler, Susi Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steinar Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kuh, Diana Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kunesova, Marie Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Quang Ngoc La Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Laatikainen, Tina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Laugsand, Lars E. Lauria, Laura Khanh Le Nguyen Bao Tuyen D Le Lebanan, May Antonnette O. Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Levitt, Naomi S. Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lind, Lars Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Liu, Jing Loit, Helle-Mai Lopes, Luis Lorbeer, Roberto Lotufo, Paulo A. Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lunet, Nuno Lytsy, Per Ma, Guansheng Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahaletchumy, Alagappan Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malyutina, Sofia Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Markaki, Anastasia Markey, Oonagh Marques, Larissa P. Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marrugat, Jaume Martin-Prevel, Yves Martin, Rosemarie Martorell, Reynaldo Martos, Eva Marventano, Stefano Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matijasevich, Alicia Matsha, Tandi E. Mazur, Artur Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McKee, Martin McLac, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Yusof, Safiah Md Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Medzioniene, Jurate Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisfjord, Jorgen Meisinger, Christa Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mensink, Gert B. M. Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michaelsen, Kim F. Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Miquel, Juan Francisco Mirkopoulou, Daphne Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Mistretta, Antonio Mocanu, Veronica Modesti, Pietro A. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Molbo, Drude Mollehave, Line T. Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio, Eric A. Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moreira, Leila B. Morejo, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Mortensen, Erik Lykke Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mota, Jorge Mota-Pinto, Anabela Motlag, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muc, Magdalena Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Murtagh, Elaine M. Musil, Vera Nabipour, Iraj Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Nankap, Martin Narake, Sameer Nardone, Paola Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria Neal, William A. Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguye Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Norat, Teresa Norie, Sawada Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad O'Reilly, Dermot Obreja, Galina Oda, Eiji Oehlers, Glenn Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Olafsson, Orn Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Isabel O. Oltarzewski, Maciej Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Ana P. Osler, Merete Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Pahomova, Elena Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palloni, Alberto Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandey, Arvind Panza, Francesco Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pascanu, Ionela M. Patel, Nikhil D. Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Peer, Nasheeta Peeters, Petra H. Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Perez-Farinos, Napoleon Perez, Cynthia M. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Petrauskiene, Ausra Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pierannunzio, Daniela Pigeo, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pistelli, Francesco Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Plans-Rubio, Pedro Poh, Bee Koon Pohlabeln, Hermann Pop, Raluca M. Popovic, Stevo R. Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Posch, Georg Poulimeneas, Dimitrios Pouraram, Hamed Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Prashant, Mathur Price, Jacqueline F. Puder, Jardena J. Pudule, Iveta Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Tran Quoc Bao Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A. Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Rigo, Fernando Wit, Tobias F. Rinke de Rito, Ana Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Rivera, Juan A. Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodrigues, Daniela Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa Romaguera, Dora Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rouse, Ian Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruhli, Frank J. Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Salanave, Benoit Martinez, Eduardo Salazar Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sandjaja Sans, Susana Marina, Loreto Santa Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Savy, Mathilde Scazufca, Marcia Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath Schargrodsky, Herman Schienkiewitz, Anja Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ida Maria Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Serra-Majem, Luis Shalnova, Svetlana A. Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Silva, Antonio M. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjoberg, Agneta Sjostrom, Michael Skovbjerg, Sine Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Smith, Margaret C. Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E. Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Spinelli, Angela Spiroski, Igor Staessen, Jan A. Stamm, Hanspeter Starc, Gregor Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staub, Kaspar Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stockl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwisze, Jakub Stratton, Gareth Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suarez-Medina, Ramon Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Sunyer, Jordi Suriyawongpaisa, Paibul Swinburn, Boyd A. Sy, Rody G. Szponar, Lucjan Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarp, Jakob Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tautu, Oana-Florentina Braunerova, Radka Taxova Taylor, Anne Tchibindat, Felicite Theobald, Holger Theodoridis, Xenophon Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tjonneland, Anne Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Topor-Madry, Roman Tormo, Maria Jose Tornaritis, Michael J. Torrent, Maties Toselli, Stefania Traissac, Pierre Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Trichopoulou, Antonia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Trivedi, Atul Tshepo, Lechaba Tsigga, Maria Tsugane, Shoichiro Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tullu, Fikru Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomilehto, Jaakko Turley, Maria L. Tynelius, Per Tzotzas, Themistoklis Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ugel, Eunice E. Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Unal, Belgin Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Vale, Susana Valvi, Damaskini van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Van Herck, Koen Hoang Van Minh van Rossem, Lenie Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vatten, Lars Vega, Tomas Veidebaum, Toomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Velika, Biruta Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Victora, Cesar G. Viegi, Giovanni Viet, Lucie Viikari-Juntura, Eira Vineis, Paolo Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Viswanathan, Bharathi Vlasoff, Tiina Vollenweider, Peter Voelzke, Henry Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Waldhor, Thomas Walton, Janette Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wanderley, Rildo S. Wang, Ming-Dong Wan, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Wareham, Nicholas Weber, Adelheid Wedderkopp, Niels Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Widyahening, Indah S. Wiecek, Andrzej Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Willeit, Peter Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wong, Justin Y. Y. Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shouling Xu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Yamborisut, Uruwan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Yardim, Nazan Ye, Xingwang Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yngve, Agneta Yoshihara, Akihiro You, Qi Sheng Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Yusoff, Faudzi Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M. Zaccagni, Luciana Zafiropulos, Vassilis Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Zambon, Sabina Zampelas, Antonis Zamrazilova, Hana Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zeng, Yi Zhao, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zholdin, Bekbolat Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Dan Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zimmermann, Esther Cisneros, Julio Zuniga NCD-RisC |
author_role |
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Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Bilano, Ver Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Taddei, Cristina Hajifathalian, Kaveh Lu, Yuan Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Paciore, Christopher J. Chirita-Emandi, Adela Hayes, Alison J. Katz, Joanne Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Li, Yanping Ma, Jun Miranda, J. Jaime Mostafa, Aya Neovius, Martin Padez, Cristina Rampal, Lekhraj Zhu, Aubrianna Bennet, James E. Danaei, Goodarz Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Hamid, Zargar Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Acuin, Cecilia Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemng, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Akhtaeva, Nazgul Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M. Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Al-Raddadi, Rajaa AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukai, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Ali, Osman Alkerwi, Ala'a Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andrade, Dolores S. Angquist, Lars H. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Arianse, Inger Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Aung, May Soe Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azizi, Fereidoun Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Baker, Jennifer L. Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barros, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. G. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batista, Rosangela L. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benedics, Judith Benet, Mikhail Bernabe, Antonio Bernotiene, Gailute Bettiol, Heloisa Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bhatti, Zaid Bi, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Biehl, Anna Bikbov, Mukharram Bista, Bihungum Bjelica, Dusko J. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertnes, Espen Bjness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boddy, Lynne M. Boehm, Bernhard O. Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bonaccio, Marialaura Bongard, Vanina Bovet, Pascal Braeckevelt, Lien Braeckman, Lutgart Bragt, Marjolijn C. E. Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Breda, Joao Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Brinduse, Lacramioara Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. Bugge, Anna Buoncristiano, Marta Burazeri, Genc Burns, Con Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cai, Hui Cama, Tilema Cameron, Christine Camola, Jose Can, Gunay Candido, Ana P. C. C. Capanzana, Mario Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Cho, Yumi Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. [UNESP] Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clays, Els Concin, Hans Confortin, Susana C. Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cucu, Alexandra D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Damasceno, Albertino Damsgaard, Camilla T. Danae, Goodarz Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dastgiri, Saeed Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia Gaetano, Giovanni de De Henauw, Stefaan Oliveira, Paula Duarte de De Ridder, Karin De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. Dehghan, Abbas Delisle, Helene Delpeuch, Francis Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donati, Maria Benedetta Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Dorosty, Ahmad Reza Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Duan, Jia Li Duante, Charmaine Duleva, Vesselka Dulskiene, Virginija Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El Ati, Jalila Elliott, Paul Engle-Stone, Reina Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo, Jorge Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fall, Caroline H. Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. [UNESP] Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrieres, Jean Finn, Joseph D. Fischer, Krista Monterubio Flores, Eric Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuch, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Gafencu, Mihai Galeone, Daniela Galvano, Fabio Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geiger, Harald Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwerman, Aleksander Godos, Justyna Gogen, Sibel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Goltzman, David Goncalves, Helen Gonzalez-Leon, Margot Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gottrand, Frederic Graca, Antonio Pedro Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Grujic, Vera Gu, Dongfeng Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela Guallar-Castillon, Pilar Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc Guo, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Hadaegh, Farzad Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Si-Ramlee, Khairil Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hassapidou, Maria Hata, Jun He, Jiang Heidinger-Felso, Regina Heinen, Mirjam Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Herrera, Victor M. Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle Heshmat, Ramin Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Hofman, Albert Hopman, Wilma M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif Chinh Nguyen Huu Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Hyska, Jolanda Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibarluzea, Jesus M. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Ismail, Aziz al-Safi Ivkovic, Vanja Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Jarani, Juel Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jeong, Seung-Lyeal Jiang, Chao Qiang Magaly Jimenez-Acosta, Santa Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jonas, Jost B. Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Jovic, Dragana P. Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kapantais, Efthymios Karki, Khem B. Kasaeian, Amir Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelleher, Cecily Kemper, Han C. G. Kengne, Andre P. Kerimkulova, Alina Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Ousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khateeb, Mohammad Khaw, Kay-Tee Khouw, Ilse M. S. L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiech, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Klimont, Jeannette Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Koirala, Bhawesh Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kovacs, Viktoria A. Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratzer, Wolfgang Kriemler, Susi Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steinar Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kuh, Diana Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kunesova, Marie Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Quang Ngoc La Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Laatikainen, Tina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Laugsand, Lars E. Lauria, Laura Khanh Le Nguyen Bao Tuyen D Le Lebanan, May Antonnette O. Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Levitt, Naomi S. Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lind, Lars Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Liu, Jing Loit, Helle-Mai Lopes, Luis Lorbeer, Roberto Lotufo, Paulo A. Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lunet, Nuno Lytsy, Per Ma, Guansheng Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahaletchumy, Alagappan Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malyutina, Sofia Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Markaki, Anastasia Markey, Oonagh Marques, Larissa P. Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marrugat, Jaume Martin-Prevel, Yves Martin, Rosemarie Martorell, Reynaldo Martos, Eva Marventano, Stefano Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matijasevich, Alicia Matsha, Tandi E. Mazur, Artur Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McKee, Martin McLac, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Yusof, Safiah Md Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Medzioniene, Jurate Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisfjord, Jorgen Meisinger, Christa Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mensink, Gert B. M. Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michaelsen, Kim F. Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Miquel, Juan Francisco Mirkopoulou, Daphne Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Mistretta, Antonio Mocanu, Veronica Modesti, Pietro A. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Molbo, Drude Mollehave, Line T. Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio, Eric A. Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moreira, Leila B. Morejo, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Mortensen, Erik Lykke Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mota, Jorge Mota-Pinto, Anabela Motlag, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muc, Magdalena Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Murtagh, Elaine M. Musil, Vera Nabipour, Iraj Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Nankap, Martin Narake, Sameer Nardone, Paola Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria Neal, William A. Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguye Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Norat, Teresa Norie, Sawada Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad O'Reilly, Dermot Obreja, Galina Oda, Eiji Oehlers, Glenn Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Olafsson, Orn Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Isabel O. Oltarzewski, Maciej Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Ana P. Osler, Merete Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Pahomova, Elena Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palloni, Alberto Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandey, Arvind Panza, Francesco Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pascanu, Ionela M. Patel, Nikhil D. Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Peer, Nasheeta Peeters, Petra H. Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Perez-Farinos, Napoleon Perez, Cynthia M. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Petrauskiene, Ausra Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pierannunzio, Daniela Pigeo, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pistelli, Francesco Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Plans-Rubio, Pedro Poh, Bee Koon Pohlabeln, Hermann Pop, Raluca M. Popovic, Stevo R. Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Posch, Georg Poulimeneas, Dimitrios Pouraram, Hamed Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Prashant, Mathur Price, Jacqueline F. Puder, Jardena J. Pudule, Iveta Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Tran Quoc Bao Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A. Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Rigo, Fernando Wit, Tobias F. Rinke de Rito, Ana Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Rivera, Juan A. Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodrigues, Daniela Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa Romaguera, Dora Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rouse, Ian Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruhli, Frank J. Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Salanave, Benoit Martinez, Eduardo Salazar Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sandjaja Sans, Susana Marina, Loreto Santa Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. 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Stamm, Hanspeter Starc, Gregor Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staub, Kaspar Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stockl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwisze, Jakub Stratton, Gareth Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suarez-Medina, Ramon Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Sunyer, Jordi Suriyawongpaisa, Paibul Swinburn, Boyd A. Sy, Rody G. Szponar, Lucjan Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarp, Jakob Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tautu, Oana-Florentina Braunerova, Radka Taxova Taylor, Anne Tchibindat, Felicite Theobald, Holger Theodoridis, Xenophon Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tjonneland, Anne Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Topor-Madry, Roman Tormo, Maria Jose Tornaritis, Michael J. Torrent, Maties Toselli, Stefania Traissac, Pierre Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Trichopoulou, Antonia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Trivedi, Atul Tshepo, Lechaba Tsigga, Maria Tsugane, Shoichiro Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tullu, Fikru Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomilehto, Jaakko Turley, Maria L. Tynelius, Per Tzotzas, Themistoklis Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ugel, Eunice E. Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Unal, Belgin Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Vale, Susana Valvi, Damaskini van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Van Herck, Koen Hoang Van Minh van Rossem, Lenie Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vatten, Lars Vega, Tomas Veidebaum, Toomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Velika, Biruta Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Victora, Cesar G. Viegi, Giovanni Viet, Lucie Viikari-Juntura, Eira Vineis, Paolo Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. 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Zambon, Sabina Zampelas, Antonis Zamrazilova, Hana Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zeng, Yi Zhao, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zholdin, Bekbolat Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Dan Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zimmermann, Esther Cisneros, Julio Zuniga NCD-RisC |
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Kyushu Univ Tulane Univ Univ Pecs Univ Coll Dublin Oulu Univ Hosp Univ Autonoma Bucaramanga Swiss Fed Inst Technol Chron Diseases Res Ctr Univ Hong Kong Chinese Univ Hong Kong Univ Western Australia Kingston Gen Hosp Fdn Oftalmol Santander Univ Oran 1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amer Univ Beirut Cardiol Mercato S Severino Cairo Univ Natl Inst Hlth & Nutr UHC Zagreb Niigata Univ Hadassah Univ Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Sports Univ Tirana Heart Fdn Natl Hlth Insurance Serv Guangzhou 12th Hosp Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol Simon Fraser Univ Heidelberg Univ World Hlth Org Country Off Inst Publ Hlth Serbia Czestochowa Tech Univ Univ Ljubljana Univ Crete Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Hellen Med Assoc Obes Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth Univ Eastern Finland Natl Inst Epidemiol Univ Munster Israel Ctr for Dis Control Kyrgyz State Med Acad Res Inst Child Nutr Natl Ctr Diabetes & Endocrinol Univ Cambridge Med Univ Innsbruck Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Natl Canc Ctr Natl Hlh Insurance Serv Stat Austria BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci Inst Trop Med Tartu Univ Clin Natl Inst Pharm & Nutr Minis Hlth & Qual Life Polish Acad Sci Univ Hosp Ulm Univ Groningen North West Univ Univ Jyvaskyla Amrita Inst Med Sci Inst Endocrinol All India Inst Med Sci African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth Higher Inst Nursing Profess & Tech Hlth Morocco Natl Inst Publ Hlth Algeria Minist Salud Publ Sahlgrens Acad Endocrinol & Met Res Ctr Indicium Res Food & Agr Org Natl Univ Singapore Tampere Univ Hosp Univ Cape Town West Virginia Univ Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Natl Taiwan Univ Univ Chinese Acad Sci Uppsala Univ Natl Inst Hlth Dev Univ Med Greifswald Consejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon Univ Fed Ouro Pret Jikei Univ CNR Baker Heart & Diabet Inst Agr Univ Athens Univ Putra Malaysia Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein Shiraz Univ Med Sci Inst Internal & Prevent Med Harokopio Univ Univ Otago Univ Padua Technol Educ Inst Crete Loughborough Univ Technol Lausanne Univ Hosp Inst Hosp Mard Invest Med Mary Immaculate Coll Emory Univ Hungarian Soc Sports Med Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci UiT Arctic Univ Norway Cape Peninsula Univ Technol Univ Rzeszow Univ Yaounde I Brown Univ Univ Edinburgh Stat Canada Int Med Univ INSERM Robert Koch Inst Lusofona Univ Democritus Univ Greece Grigore T Popa Univ Med & Pharm Univ Firenze Hypertens Res Ctr Mulago Hosp Univ Limpopo Univ Med Sci Univ Zaragoza R CSI Dublin Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol Ain Shams University Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci Gorgas Memorial Inst Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Univ Brescia Bushehr Univ Med Sci Ulm Univ Kobe Univ Banska Bystrica Reg Author Publ Hlth Suraj Eye Inst Helen Keller Int Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City Hanoi Med Univ Miami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst Heartfile Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network State Univ Med & Pharm Tachikawa Gen Hosp Acad Hosp Paramaribo Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos Natl Food & Nutr Inst Univ Madeira Univ Puerto Rico MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit Aarhus Univ Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol Inst Social & Prevent Canc Prevent & Res Inst Univ Wisconsin Madison IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenz Zayed Univ Catholic Univ Daegu Tg Mures Univ Med & Pharm Jivandeep Hosp Univ Med Ctr Utrecht Spanish Agcy Consumer Affairs Social Serv & Nutr Minist Hlth & Med Educ Vietnam Natl Heart Inst Univ Sarajevo Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr Udine Univ Hosp Pisa Minist Hlth & Med Serv Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med Agcy Prevent and Social Med Digest Oncol Res Ctr Digest Dis Res Inst CHU Vaudois Ctr Dis & Prevent Control Alborz Univ Med Sci BRAC Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res Univ Turku Univ New South Wales Inst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol Univ Malaya Univ Valencia Univ Philippines Nutr Res Fdn Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth Hlth Ctr San Agustin PharmAccess Fdn Natl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo Jorge Publ Hlth Agcy Canada Canarian Hlth Serv Univ Ind Santander Gothenburg Univ Fiji Natl Univ Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res Univ Tunis El Mana Univ Helsinki Natl Inst Hlth Peru Catalan Dept Hlth Publ Hlth Subdelegate Off Univ Lisbon Prevent Med & Publ Hlth South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires Rigshosp Lagos State Univ Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria Baker Heart and Diabet Inst Univ Tokyo Samsung Med Ctr Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth St Vincents Hosp Acad Med Ctr Amsterdam Hlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst Univ Bari Inst Reg Sante Publ Univ Bordeaux Inst Publ Hlth Republ Macedonia Univ Leuven Lamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AG Univ Bonn Sotiria Hosp Swansea Univ Fu Jen Catholic Univ Natl Inst Hlth UNICEF Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr Hlth Serv Murcia Res & Educ Inst IB SALUT Area Salut Menorca Univ Bologna Hellen Hlth Fdn Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Min City Governm Med Coll Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ Addis Ababa Univ Dasman Diabet Inst Hellen Med Associat Obes Univ Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado Meharry Med Coll Dokuz Eylul Univ Univ Tampere Polytech Inst Porto Univ Utrecht Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Fed Univ Pelota Italian Natl Res Council Univ Miguel Hernandez North Karelian Ctr Publ Hlth ISGlobal Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol Univ Witwatersrand Med Univ Vienna Univ Coll Cork Inst Med Res Xinjiang Med Univ St Georges Univ London Univ Indonesia Natl Inst Hyg Univ Mancheste Kailuan Gen Hosp Minist Agr Fudan Univ Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Univ Cyprus Univ Teknol MARA Capital Med Univ Beijing West Kazakhstan State Med Univ Inner Mongolia Med Univ Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ezzati, Majid Bentham, James Di Cesare, Mariachiara Bilano, Ver Bixby, Honor Zhou, Bin Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Taddei, Cristina Hajifathalian, Kaveh Lu, Yuan Savin, Stefan Cowan, Melanie J. Paciore, Christopher J. Chirita-Emandi, Adela Hayes, Alison J. Katz, Joanne Kelishadi, Roya Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Li, Yanping Ma, Jun Miranda, J. Jaime Mostafa, Aya Neovius, Martin Padez, Cristina Rampal, Lekhraj Zhu, Aubrianna Bennet, James E. Danaei, Goodarz Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Hamid, Zargar Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Acuin, Cecilia Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemng, Charles Ahmadvand, Alireza Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Akhtaeva, Nazgul Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M. Al-Othman, Amani Rashed Al-Raddadi, Rajaa AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukai, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Ali, Osman Alkerwi, Ala'a Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amouyel, Philippe Amuzu, Antoinette Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andrade, Dolores S. Angquist, Lars H. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Arianse, Inger Aris, Tahir Arlappa, Nimmathota Arveiler, Dominique Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Aung, May Soe Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azizi, Fereidoun Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Baker, Jennifer L. Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barros, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. G. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batista, Rosangela L. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benedics, Judith Benet, Mikhail Bernabe, Antonio Bernotiene, Gailute Bettiol, Heloisa Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bhatti, Zaid Bi, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Biehl, Anna Bikbov, Mukharram Bista, Bihungum Bjelica, Dusko J. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertnes, Espen Bjness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boddy, Lynne M. Boehm, Bernhard O. Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bonaccio, Marialaura Bongard, Vanina Bovet, Pascal Braeckevelt, Lien Braeckman, Lutgart Bragt, Marjolijn C. E. Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Breda, Joao Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Brinduse, Lacramioara Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. Bugge, Anna Buoncristiano, Marta Burazeri, Genc Burns, Con Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cai, Hui Cama, Tilema Cameron, Christine Camola, Jose Can, Gunay Candido, Ana P. C. C. Capanzana, Mario Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Maria J. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casas, Juan Pablo Caserta, Carmelo A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Chetrit, Angela Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Cho, Yumi Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. [UNESP] Chudek, Jerzy Cifkova, Renata Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clays, Els Concin, Hans Confortin, Susana C. Cooper, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cucu, Alexandra D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Damasceno, Albertino Damsgaard, Camilla T. Danae, Goodarz Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dastgiri, Saeed Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia Gaetano, Giovanni de De Henauw, Stefaan Oliveira, Paula Duarte de De Ridder, Karin De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. Dehghan, Abbas Delisle, Helene Delpeuch, Francis Deschamps, Valerie Dhana, Klodian Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donati, Maria Benedetta Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Dorosty, Ahmad Reza Doua, Kouamelan Drygas, Wojciech Duan, Jia Li Duante, Charmaine Duleva, Vesselka Dulskiene, Virginija Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El Ati, Jalila Elliott, Paul Engle-Stone, Reina Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo, Jorge Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fall, Caroline H. Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia Farzadfar, Farshad Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. [UNESP] Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrari, Marika Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrieres, Jean Finn, Joseph D. Fischer, Krista Monterubio Flores, Eric Foeger, Bernhard Foo, Leng Huat Forslund, Ann-Sofie Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuch, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Gafencu, Mihai Galeone, Daniela Galvano, Fabio Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gates, Louise Geiger, Harald Geleijnse, Johanna M. Ghasemian, Anoosheh Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Giwerman, Aleksander Godos, Justyna Gogen, Sibel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Goltzman, David Goncalves, Helen Gonzalez-Leon, Margot Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gottrand, Frederic Graca, Antonio Pedro Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grontved, Anders Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Grujic, Vera Gu, Dongfeng Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela Guallar-Castillon, Pilar Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc Guo, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Hadaegh, Farzad Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Si-Ramlee, Khairil Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hardy, Rebecca Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hassapidou, Maria Hata, Jun He, Jiang Heidinger-Felso, Regina Heinen, Mirjam Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Herrera, Victor M. Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle Heshmat, Ramin Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Hofman, Albert Hopman, Wilma M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif Chinh Nguyen Huu Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Hyska, Jolanda Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibarluzea, Jesus M. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Ikeda, Nayu Ikram, M. Arfan Irazola, Vilma E. Islam, Muhammad Ismail, Aziz al-Safi Ivkovic, Vanja Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Jafar, Tazeen Jamil, Kazi M. Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Jarani, Juel Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jeong, Seung-Lyeal Jiang, Chao Qiang Magaly Jimenez-Acosta, Santa Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jonas, Jost B. Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Jovic, Dragana P. Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi Kapantais, Efthymios Karki, Khem B. Kasaeian, Amir Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelleher, Cecily Kemper, Han C. G. Kengne, Andre P. Kerimkulova, Alina Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Ousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khateeb, Mohammad Khaw, Kay-Tee Khouw, Ilse M. S. L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiech, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Klimont, Jeannette Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Koirala, Bhawesh Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kovacs, Viktoria A. Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratzer, Wolfgang Kriemler, Susi Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steinar Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kuh, Diana Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kunesova, Marie Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Quang Ngoc La Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Laatikainen, Tina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Laugsand, Lars E. Lauria, Laura Khanh Le Nguyen Bao Tuyen D Le Lebanan, May Antonnette O. Leclercq, Catherine Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehtimaki, Terho Leon-Munoz, Luz M. Levitt, Naomi S. Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. Lin, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lind, Lars Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Liu, Jing Loit, Helle-Mai Lopes, Luis Lorbeer, Roberto Lotufo, Paulo A. Eugenio Lozano, Jose Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lunet, Nuno Lytsy, Per Ma, Guansheng Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Machi, Suka Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahaletchumy, Alagappan Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Malyutina, Sofia Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Manzato, Enzo Margozzini, Paula Markaki, Anastasia Markey, Oonagh Marques, Larissa P. Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marrugat, Jaume Martin-Prevel, Yves Martin, Rosemarie Martorell, Reynaldo Martos, Eva Marventano, Stefano Masoodi, Shariq R. Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Matijasevich, Alicia Matsha, Tandi E. Mazur, Artur Mbanya, Jean Claude N. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McKee, Martin McLac, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Yusof, Safiah Md Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia Medzioniene, Jurate Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisfjord, Jorgen Meisinger, Christa Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mensink, Gert B. M. Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michaelsen, Kim F. Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Miquel, Juan Francisco Mirkopoulou, Daphne Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Mistretta, Antonio Mocanu, Veronica Modesti, Pietro A. Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Molbo, Drude Mollehave, Line T. Moller, Niels C. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio, Eric A. Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moreira, Leila B. Morejo, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Mortensen, Erik Lykke Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mota, Jorge Mota-Pinto, Anabela Motlag, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Mu, Thet Thet Muc, Magdalena Muiesan, Maria Lorenza Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Murtagh, Elaine M. Musil, Vera Nabipour, Iraj Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Nankap, Martin Narake, Sameer Nardone, Paola Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria Neal, William A. Nenko, Ilona Nervi, Flavio Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Quang Ngoc Nguye Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Norat, Teresa Norie, Sawada Noto, Davide Al Nsour, Mohannad O'Reilly, Dermot Obreja, Galina Oda, Eiji Oehlers, Glenn Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Olafsson, Orn Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Isabel O. Oltarzewski, Maciej Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Ana P. Osler, Merete Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Pahomova, Elena Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palloni, Alberto Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Pandey, Arvind Panza, Francesco Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pascanu, Ionela M. Patel, Nikhil D. Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Peer, Nasheeta Peeters, Petra H. Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Perez-Farinos, Napoleon Perez, Cynthia M. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Petrauskiene, Ausra Peykari, Niloofar Son Thai Pham Pierannunzio, Daniela Pigeo, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pistelli, Francesco Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Plans-Rubio, Pedro Poh, Bee Koon Pohlabeln, Hermann Pop, Raluca M. Popovic, Stevo R. Porta, Miquel Portegies, Marileen L. P. Posch, Georg Poulimeneas, Dimitrios Pouraram, Hamed Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Prashant, Mathur Price, Jacqueline F. Puder, Jardena J. Pudule, Iveta Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Tran Quoc Bao Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramke, Jacqueline Ramos, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Rampal, Sanjay Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A. Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Rigo, Fernando Wit, Tobias F. Rinke de Rito, Ana Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Rivera, Juan A. Robinson, Sian M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodrigues, Daniela Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa Romaguera, Dora Ronkainen, Kimmo Rosengren, Annika Rouse, Ian Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruhli, Frank J. Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sachdev, Harshpal S. Saidi, Olfa Salanave, Benoit Martinez, Eduardo Salazar Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sandjaja Sans, Susana Marina, Loreto Santa Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Savy, Mathilde Scazufca, Marcia Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath Schargrodsky, Herman Schienkiewitz, Anja Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ida Maria Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Serra-Majem, Luis Shalnova, Svetlana A. Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shiri, Rahman Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. Silva, Antonio M. Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjoberg, Agneta Sjostrom, Michael Skovbjerg, Sine Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam Smith, Margaret C. Snijder, Marieke B. So, Hung-Kwan Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E. Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Sonestedt, Emily Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Spinelli, Angela Spiroski, Igor Staessen, Jan A. Stamm, Hanspeter Starc, Gregor Stathopoulou, Maria G. Staub, Kaspar Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stockl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwisze, Jakub Stratton, Gareth Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suarez-Medina, Ramon Sun, Chien-An Sundstrom, Johan Sung, Yn-Tz Sunyer, Jordi Suriyawongpaisa, Paibul Swinburn, Boyd A. Sy, Rody G. Szponar, Lucjan Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarp, Jakob Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Tautu, Oana-Florentina Braunerova, Radka Taxova Taylor, Anne Tchibindat, Felicite Theobald, Holger Theodoridis, Xenophon Thijs, Lutgarde Thuesen, Betina H. Tjonneland, Anne Tolonen, Hanna K. Tolstrup, Janne S. Topbas, Murat Topor-Madry, Roman Tormo, Maria Jose Tornaritis, Michael J. Torrent, Maties Toselli, Stefania Traissac, Pierre Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Trichopoulou, Antonia Trinh, Oanh T. H. Trivedi, Atul Tshepo, Lechaba Tsigga, Maria Tsugane, Shoichiro Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. Tullu, Fikru Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomilehto, Jaakko Turley, Maria L. Tynelius, Per Tzotzas, Themistoklis Tzourio, Christophe Ueda, Peter Ugel, Eunice E. Ukoli, Flora A. M. Ulmer, Hanno Unal, Belgin Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. Valdivia, Gonzalo Vale, Susana Valvi, Damaskini van der Schouw, Yvonne T. Van Herck, Koen Hoang Van Minh van Rossem, Lenie Van Schoor, Natasja M. van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. Vanderschueren, Dirk Vanuzzo, Diego Vatten, Lars Vega, Tomas Veidebaum, Toomas Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo Velika, Biruta Veronesi, Giovanni Verschuren, W. M. Monique Victora, Cesar G. Viegi, Giovanni Viet, Lucie Viikari-Juntura, Eira Vineis, Paolo Vioque, Jesus Virtanen, Jyrki K. Visvikis-Siest, Sophie Viswanathan, Bharathi Vlasoff, Tiina Vollenweider, Peter Voelzke, Henry Voutilainen, Sari Vrijheid, Martine Wade, Alisha N. Wagner, Aline Waldhor, Thomas Walton, Janette Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Wanderley, Rildo S. Wang, Ming-Dong Wan, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wannamethee, S. Goya Wareham, Nicholas Weber, Adelheid Wedderkopp, Niels Weerasekera, Deepa Whincup, Peter H. Widhalm, Kurt Widyahening, Indah S. Wiecek, Andrzej Wijga, Alet H. Wilks, Rainford J. Willeit, Johann Willeit, Peter Wilsgaard, Tom Wojtyniak, Bogdan Wong-McClure, Roy A. Wong, Justin Y. Y. Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Woo, Jean Woodward, Mark Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shouling Xu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Yamborisut, Uruwan Yan, Weili Yang, Xiaoguang Yardim, Nazan Ye, Xingwang Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. Yngve, Agneta Yoshihara, Akihiro You, Qi Sheng Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Yusoff, Faudzi Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M. Zaccagni, Luciana Zafiropulos, Vassilis Zainuddin, Ahmad A. Zambon, Sabina Zampelas, Antonis Zamrazilova, Hana Zdrojewski, Tomasz Zeng, Yi Zhao, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zheng, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zholdin, Bekbolat Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Dan Zhussupov, Baurzhan Zimmermann, Esther Cisneros, Julio Zuniga NCD-RisC |
description |
Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-12-16 2018-11-26T20:04:45Z 2018-11-26T20:04:45Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 Lancet. New York: Elsevier Science Inc, v. 390, n. 10113, p. 2627-2642, 2017. 0140-6736 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/164793 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 WOS:000418101000024 WOS000418101000024.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/164793 |
identifier_str_mv |
Lancet. New York: Elsevier Science Inc, v. 390, n. 10113, p. 2627-2642, 2017. 0140-6736 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 WOS:000418101000024 WOS000418101000024.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Lancet 14,934 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
2627-2642 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier B.V. |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier B.V. |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositoriounesp@unesp.br |
_version_ |
1813546500800643072 |