Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/173718 |
Resumo: | Previous studies using in vivo bioassay guided fractionation indicated that the herbicide diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and alkylphenol (AP)-containing surfactants were detected in fractions of extracts that induced the estrogenic biomarker, vitellogenin in fish exposed to surface water extracts from the United States. However, when the compounds were evaluated individually using in vivo estrogenic assays or in vitro estrogen receptor assays, estrogenic activity was not observed. Since APs have been shown to alter activity and content of cytochrome P450s (CYP) which convert diuron to potential estrogenic metabolites, the hepatic biotransformation of diuron was measured with and without a 7 day pretreatment of p-Octylphenol (OP) and p-Nonylphenol (NP) at low (OP 13 ng/L + NP 91 ng/L), and high concentrations (OP 65 ng/L + NP 455 ng/L) in juvenile male Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus). Pre-treatment with the OP/NP (AP) mixture caused elevated levels of NADPH-catalyzed formation of 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU) but not 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU). Fish were also treated with nominal concentrations of low (40 ng/L) and high (200 ng/L) diuron and each of its three degradates/metabolites: DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Additional treatments were conducted with APs and Diuron as a mixture at the low concentrations which mimicked concentrations observed in surface waters. Hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg) mRNA was induced by exposure to the high concentrations of Diuron, as well as DCPMU and DCPU in both concentrations. Brain cytochrome P450 aromatase activity was generally diminished by diuron, its metabolites, and the AP/diuron mixtures. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) levels were also reduced by DCPMU and DCA in the lower concentrations, but not by higher concentrations. While the AP mixture reduced 17βHSD, the AP/diuron mixture induced testosterone (T) biosynthesis at the single concentration tested. Although CYP3A expression was induced by all diuron metabolites, it was unchanged by the AP mixture. These data indicate that mixtures of AP and diuron enhanced the formation of the metabolite (DCPMU) which induced vitellogenin, and reduced T biosynthetic enzymes (17βHSD inhibition). Overall, these data showed that APs may have induced the biotransformation of diuron to at least one metabolite, that may disrupt androgen biosynthesis and potentially alter steroid feedback pathways in the central nervous system. |
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Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica)AlkylphenolsAnti-androgenBiotransformationCytochrome P450DiuronVitellogeninPrevious studies using in vivo bioassay guided fractionation indicated that the herbicide diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and alkylphenol (AP)-containing surfactants were detected in fractions of extracts that induced the estrogenic biomarker, vitellogenin in fish exposed to surface water extracts from the United States. However, when the compounds were evaluated individually using in vivo estrogenic assays or in vitro estrogen receptor assays, estrogenic activity was not observed. Since APs have been shown to alter activity and content of cytochrome P450s (CYP) which convert diuron to potential estrogenic metabolites, the hepatic biotransformation of diuron was measured with and without a 7 day pretreatment of p-Octylphenol (OP) and p-Nonylphenol (NP) at low (OP 13 ng/L + NP 91 ng/L), and high concentrations (OP 65 ng/L + NP 455 ng/L) in juvenile male Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus). Pre-treatment with the OP/NP (AP) mixture caused elevated levels of NADPH-catalyzed formation of 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU) but not 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU). Fish were also treated with nominal concentrations of low (40 ng/L) and high (200 ng/L) diuron and each of its three degradates/metabolites: DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Additional treatments were conducted with APs and Diuron as a mixture at the low concentrations which mimicked concentrations observed in surface waters. Hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg) mRNA was induced by exposure to the high concentrations of Diuron, as well as DCPMU and DCPU in both concentrations. Brain cytochrome P450 aromatase activity was generally diminished by diuron, its metabolites, and the AP/diuron mixtures. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) levels were also reduced by DCPMU and DCA in the lower concentrations, but not by higher concentrations. While the AP mixture reduced 17βHSD, the AP/diuron mixture induced testosterone (T) biosynthesis at the single concentration tested. Although CYP3A expression was induced by all diuron metabolites, it was unchanged by the AP mixture. These data indicate that mixtures of AP and diuron enhanced the formation of the metabolite (DCPMU) which induced vitellogenin, and reduced T biosynthetic enzymes (17βHSD inhibition). Overall, these data showed that APs may have induced the biotransformation of diuron to at least one metabolite, that may disrupt androgen biosynthesis and potentially alter steroid feedback pathways in the central nervous system.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidad de Costa RicaDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio PretoDepartment of Natural Sciences Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antonio da Veiga 140, Itoupava SecaDepartment of Environmental Sciences University of California RiversideDepartment of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio PretoFAPESP: 2011/52061-8FAPESP: 2014/18825-9CAPES: 3000-13-3CNPq: 307603/2014-8CNPq: 401884/2012-0Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Fundação Universidade Regional de BlumenauRiversideFelício, Andréia A. [UNESP]Crago, JordanMaryoung, Lindley A.Almeida, Eduardo A. [UNESP]Schlenk, Daniel2018-12-11T17:07:25Z2018-12-11T17:07:25Z2016-11-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article345-352application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015Aquatic Toxicology, v. 180, p. 345-352.1879-15140166-445Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/17371810.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.0152-s2.0-849940294852-s2.0-84994029485.pdfScopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengAquatic Toxicology1,456info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-12-12T06:24:25Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/173718Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462023-12-12T06:24:25Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
title |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
spellingShingle |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) Felício, Andréia A. [UNESP] Alkylphenols Anti-androgen Biotransformation Cytochrome P450 Diuron Vitellogenin |
title_short |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
title_full |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
title_fullStr |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
title_sort |
Effects of alkylphenols on the biotransformation of diuron and enzymes involved in the synthesis and clearance of sex steroids in juvenile male tilapia (Oreochromus mossambica) |
author |
Felício, Andréia A. [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Felício, Andréia A. [UNESP] Crago, Jordan Maryoung, Lindley A. Almeida, Eduardo A. [UNESP] Schlenk, Daniel |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Crago, Jordan Maryoung, Lindley A. Almeida, Eduardo A. [UNESP] Schlenk, Daniel |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau Riverside |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Felício, Andréia A. [UNESP] Crago, Jordan Maryoung, Lindley A. Almeida, Eduardo A. [UNESP] Schlenk, Daniel |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Alkylphenols Anti-androgen Biotransformation Cytochrome P450 Diuron Vitellogenin |
topic |
Alkylphenols Anti-androgen Biotransformation Cytochrome P450 Diuron Vitellogenin |
description |
Previous studies using in vivo bioassay guided fractionation indicated that the herbicide diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and alkylphenol (AP)-containing surfactants were detected in fractions of extracts that induced the estrogenic biomarker, vitellogenin in fish exposed to surface water extracts from the United States. However, when the compounds were evaluated individually using in vivo estrogenic assays or in vitro estrogen receptor assays, estrogenic activity was not observed. Since APs have been shown to alter activity and content of cytochrome P450s (CYP) which convert diuron to potential estrogenic metabolites, the hepatic biotransformation of diuron was measured with and without a 7 day pretreatment of p-Octylphenol (OP) and p-Nonylphenol (NP) at low (OP 13 ng/L + NP 91 ng/L), and high concentrations (OP 65 ng/L + NP 455 ng/L) in juvenile male Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus). Pre-treatment with the OP/NP (AP) mixture caused elevated levels of NADPH-catalyzed formation of 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methylurea (DCPMU) but not 3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU). Fish were also treated with nominal concentrations of low (40 ng/L) and high (200 ng/L) diuron and each of its three degradates/metabolites: DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Additional treatments were conducted with APs and Diuron as a mixture at the low concentrations which mimicked concentrations observed in surface waters. Hepatic vitellogenin (Vtg) mRNA was induced by exposure to the high concentrations of Diuron, as well as DCPMU and DCPU in both concentrations. Brain cytochrome P450 aromatase activity was generally diminished by diuron, its metabolites, and the AP/diuron mixtures. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) levels were also reduced by DCPMU and DCA in the lower concentrations, but not by higher concentrations. While the AP mixture reduced 17βHSD, the AP/diuron mixture induced testosterone (T) biosynthesis at the single concentration tested. Although CYP3A expression was induced by all diuron metabolites, it was unchanged by the AP mixture. These data indicate that mixtures of AP and diuron enhanced the formation of the metabolite (DCPMU) which induced vitellogenin, and reduced T biosynthetic enzymes (17βHSD inhibition). Overall, these data showed that APs may have induced the biotransformation of diuron to at least one metabolite, that may disrupt androgen biosynthesis and potentially alter steroid feedback pathways in the central nervous system. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-11-01 2018-12-11T17:07:25Z 2018-12-11T17:07:25Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015 Aquatic Toxicology, v. 180, p. 345-352. 1879-1514 0166-445X http://hdl.handle.net/11449/173718 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015 2-s2.0-84994029485 2-s2.0-84994029485.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/173718 |
identifier_str_mv |
Aquatic Toxicology, v. 180, p. 345-352. 1879-1514 0166-445X 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.015 2-s2.0-84994029485 2-s2.0-84994029485.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Aquatic Toxicology 1,456 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
345-352 application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799965265215094784 |