Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/249814 |
Resumo: | On 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation - CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985-2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45-60 had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45 and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45-60 , removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster. |
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Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de JaneiroOn 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation - CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985-2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45-60 had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45 and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45-60 , removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster.Graduate Program in Natural Disasters Unesp/CEMADENNational Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN)National Institute of Education Earth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University (NTU)Institute of Earth Sciences Academia SinicaDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (Unesp)Institute of Geosciences (IG/Unicamp) University of CampinasInstitute of Advanced Studies University of São Paulo (IEA/USP)Graduate Program in Natural Disasters Unesp/CEMADENDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (Unesp)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN)Nanyang Technological University (NTU)Academia SinicaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Alcantara, Enner [UNESP]Marengo, José A. [UNESP]Mantovani, José [UNESP]Londe, Luciana R. [UNESP]San, Rachel Lau YuPark, EdwardLin, Yunung NinaWang, JingyuMendes, Tatiana [UNESP]Cunha, Ana Paula [UNESP]Pampuch, LuanaSeluchi, Marcelo [UNESP]Simões, Silvio [UNESP]Cuartas, Luz Adriana [UNESP]Goncalves, DemervalMassi, Klécia [UNESP]Alvalá, Regina [UNESP]Moraes, Osvaldo [UNESP]Filho, Carlos SouzaMendes, Rodolfo [UNESP]Nobre, Carlos [UNESP]2023-07-29T16:09:58Z2023-07-29T16:09:58Z2023-03-21info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article1157-1175http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 23, n. 3, p. 1157-1175, 2023.1684-99811561-8633http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24981410.5194/nhess-23-1157-20232-s2.0-85151442372Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-07-04T19:06:03Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/249814Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T16:28:35.669044Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
title |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
spellingShingle |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro Alcantara, Enner [UNESP] |
title_short |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
title_full |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
title_fullStr |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
title_sort |
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro |
author |
Alcantara, Enner [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Alcantara, Enner [UNESP] Marengo, José A. [UNESP] Mantovani, José [UNESP] Londe, Luciana R. [UNESP] San, Rachel Lau Yu Park, Edward Lin, Yunung Nina Wang, Jingyu Mendes, Tatiana [UNESP] Cunha, Ana Paula [UNESP] Pampuch, Luana Seluchi, Marcelo [UNESP] Simões, Silvio [UNESP] Cuartas, Luz Adriana [UNESP] Goncalves, Demerval Massi, Klécia [UNESP] Alvalá, Regina [UNESP] Moraes, Osvaldo [UNESP] Filho, Carlos Souza Mendes, Rodolfo [UNESP] Nobre, Carlos [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Marengo, José A. [UNESP] Mantovani, José [UNESP] Londe, Luciana R. [UNESP] San, Rachel Lau Yu Park, Edward Lin, Yunung Nina Wang, Jingyu Mendes, Tatiana [UNESP] Cunha, Ana Paula [UNESP] Pampuch, Luana Seluchi, Marcelo [UNESP] Simões, Silvio [UNESP] Cuartas, Luz Adriana [UNESP] Goncalves, Demerval Massi, Klécia [UNESP] Alvalá, Regina [UNESP] Moraes, Osvaldo [UNESP] Filho, Carlos Souza Mendes, Rodolfo [UNESP] Nobre, Carlos [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Academia Sinica Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Alcantara, Enner [UNESP] Marengo, José A. [UNESP] Mantovani, José [UNESP] Londe, Luciana R. [UNESP] San, Rachel Lau Yu Park, Edward Lin, Yunung Nina Wang, Jingyu Mendes, Tatiana [UNESP] Cunha, Ana Paula [UNESP] Pampuch, Luana Seluchi, Marcelo [UNESP] Simões, Silvio [UNESP] Cuartas, Luz Adriana [UNESP] Goncalves, Demerval Massi, Klécia [UNESP] Alvalá, Regina [UNESP] Moraes, Osvaldo [UNESP] Filho, Carlos Souza Mendes, Rodolfo [UNESP] Nobre, Carlos [UNESP] |
description |
On 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation - CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985-2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45-60 had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45 and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45-60 , removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-29T16:09:58Z 2023-07-29T16:09:58Z 2023-03-21 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023 Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 23, n. 3, p. 1157-1175, 2023. 1684-9981 1561-8633 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/249814 10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023 2-s2.0-85151442372 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/249814 |
identifier_str_mv |
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 23, n. 3, p. 1157-1175, 2023. 1684-9981 1561-8633 10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023 2-s2.0-85151442372 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
1157-1175 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808128658880069632 |