Resistência a fungicidas estrobilurinas em populações de Pyricularia oryzae de áreas de trigo no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Samanta Cristiene de [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124453; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/17-06-2015/000835322.pdf
• topic: Melhoramento genetico; Trigo - Doenças e pragas; Brusone; Fungicidas; Genetica vegetal; Breeding

Wheat blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most important across central- southern Brazil. Its control has relied strongly on strobilurin fungicides (Quinone oxidase inhibitors, QoI). Resistance to QoI (QoI-R) has been reported for several pathosystems worldwide. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the main Brazilian populations of P. oryzae associated with wheat remain sensitive to QoI fungicides. In contrast, the alternative hypothesis that extensive and consecutive use of QoI fungicides in the last two decades for the management of wheat blast in the Center-South region of Brazil was tested, led to the emergence and widespread distribution QoI-R in populations P. oryzae associated with the wheat in the main growing areas of the country. It is determined also whether other species of grasses adjacent fields of wheat plants housed QoI R-populations of P. oryzae, serving as a resistant pathogen inoculum reservoir. The main objectives were to study the occurrence and distribution of resistance to QoI fungicides in P. oryzae populations associated with wheat and other species of plants grasses adjacent to wheat fields in South-Central Brazil, examining mutations in the cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and determining the sensitivity of the isolates of P. oryzae azoxystrobin in vitro experiments. In this study, we report the widespread distribution of QoI-R in populations of P. oryzae from Brazilian wheat fields of 325 isolates, of which 198 derived from wheat fields and 91 from weeds within wheat fields sampled in 2012, and 36 from wheat sampled in 2005. Sequencing of cytB gene distinguished nine haplotypes, two of which shared between wheat and weeds-derived isolates, and seven exclusive to weed isolates. Four of these haplotypes had the G143A mutation associated with resistance to QoI (QoI-R). While 90% of the wheat isolates of P. oryzae and 48% of the weed-derived ones sampled in 2012 ...