Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.02316 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196556 |
Resumo: | Shorebirds join cohesive flocks for safety. The joining of individuals of several species in large heterospecific flocks can optimise individual vigilance and foraging. However, a large number of conspecific individuals in flocks may deplete food resources and increase intraspecific competition. In the present study, we argue that Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird species join large heterospecific flocks in a balanced number as a way of controlling intraspecific competition. We recorded monospecific and heterospecific flocks in urban beaches from southeastern Brazil and annotated the species richness and the number of individuals per bird species per flock. Besides, we recorded the number of people around shorebird flocks to examine any relationship with flock size. We also recorded the foraging rate of the semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus, a common migrant species in the region, as a species model to test competition and vigilance. We hypothesised that this species would exhibit a low foraging rate in scenarios with high intraspecific competition (i.e. large flocks with a high number of conspecifics) and high density of people, which may disturb birds. In the initial results, the density of people did not influence size of monospecific and heterospecific flocks; heterospecific flocks were larger than monospecific flocks, and heterospecific flocks increased in size by the addition of more species rather than more individuals of the same species. These data reflect a decrease in the relative abundance of individuals per species. Additionally, the semipalmated plover foraging rate was reduced in monospecific flocks, flocks with a high relative abundance (and total number) of the specific individuals and flocks surrounded by a high density of people. All these results indicate that shorebirds may adjust flock composition and size according to preferred foraging conditions, i.e. large and balanced heterospecific flocks with less intraspecific competition and less vigilance to potential predators in wintering areas. |
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Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competitionbehaviourbiodiversitybirdscoastecological nichemixed-speciesShorebirds join cohesive flocks for safety. The joining of individuals of several species in large heterospecific flocks can optimise individual vigilance and foraging. However, a large number of conspecific individuals in flocks may deplete food resources and increase intraspecific competition. In the present study, we argue that Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird species join large heterospecific flocks in a balanced number as a way of controlling intraspecific competition. We recorded monospecific and heterospecific flocks in urban beaches from southeastern Brazil and annotated the species richness and the number of individuals per bird species per flock. Besides, we recorded the number of people around shorebird flocks to examine any relationship with flock size. We also recorded the foraging rate of the semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus, a common migrant species in the region, as a species model to test competition and vigilance. We hypothesised that this species would exhibit a low foraging rate in scenarios with high intraspecific competition (i.e. large flocks with a high number of conspecifics) and high density of people, which may disturb birds. In the initial results, the density of people did not influence size of monospecific and heterospecific flocks; heterospecific flocks were larger than monospecific flocks, and heterospecific flocks increased in size by the addition of more species rather than more individuals of the same species. These data reflect a decrease in the relative abundance of individuals per species. Additionally, the semipalmated plover foraging rate was reduced in monospecific flocks, flocks with a high relative abundance (and total number) of the specific individuals and flocks surrounded by a high density of people. All these results indicate that shorebirds may adjust flock composition and size according to preferred foraging conditions, i.e. large and balanced heterospecific flocks with less intraspecific competition and less vigilance to potential predators in wintering areas.Univ Fed Uberlandia, Biol Inst, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Zool Dept, Rio Claro, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Zool Dept, Rio Claro, BrazilWiley-BlackwellUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Cestari, CesarGoncalves, Cristina da Silva [UNESP]Melo, Celine de2020-12-10T19:48:42Z2020-12-10T19:48:42Z2020-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article8http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.02316Journal Of Avian Biology. Hoboken: Wiley, v. 51, n. 1, 8 p., 2020.0908-8857http://hdl.handle.net/11449/19655610.1111/jav.02316WOS:000511407600002Web of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal Of Avian Biologyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T08:05:27Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/196556Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T21:10:40.798845Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
title |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
spellingShingle |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition Cestari, Cesar behaviour biodiversity birds coast ecological niche mixed-species |
title_short |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
title_full |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
title_fullStr |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
title_sort |
Keeping safe and fed: large heterospecific shorebird flocks to decrease intraspecific competition |
author |
Cestari, Cesar |
author_facet |
Cestari, Cesar Goncalves, Cristina da Silva [UNESP] Melo, Celine de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Goncalves, Cristina da Silva [UNESP] Melo, Celine de |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cestari, Cesar Goncalves, Cristina da Silva [UNESP] Melo, Celine de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
behaviour biodiversity birds coast ecological niche mixed-species |
topic |
behaviour biodiversity birds coast ecological niche mixed-species |
description |
Shorebirds join cohesive flocks for safety. The joining of individuals of several species in large heterospecific flocks can optimise individual vigilance and foraging. However, a large number of conspecific individuals in flocks may deplete food resources and increase intraspecific competition. In the present study, we argue that Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird species join large heterospecific flocks in a balanced number as a way of controlling intraspecific competition. We recorded monospecific and heterospecific flocks in urban beaches from southeastern Brazil and annotated the species richness and the number of individuals per bird species per flock. Besides, we recorded the number of people around shorebird flocks to examine any relationship with flock size. We also recorded the foraging rate of the semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus, a common migrant species in the region, as a species model to test competition and vigilance. We hypothesised that this species would exhibit a low foraging rate in scenarios with high intraspecific competition (i.e. large flocks with a high number of conspecifics) and high density of people, which may disturb birds. In the initial results, the density of people did not influence size of monospecific and heterospecific flocks; heterospecific flocks were larger than monospecific flocks, and heterospecific flocks increased in size by the addition of more species rather than more individuals of the same species. These data reflect a decrease in the relative abundance of individuals per species. Additionally, the semipalmated plover foraging rate was reduced in monospecific flocks, flocks with a high relative abundance (and total number) of the specific individuals and flocks surrounded by a high density of people. All these results indicate that shorebirds may adjust flock composition and size according to preferred foraging conditions, i.e. large and balanced heterospecific flocks with less intraspecific competition and less vigilance to potential predators in wintering areas. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-10T19:48:42Z 2020-12-10T19:48:42Z 2020-01-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.02316 Journal Of Avian Biology. Hoboken: Wiley, v. 51, n. 1, 8 p., 2020. 0908-8857 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196556 10.1111/jav.02316 WOS:000511407600002 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.02316 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196556 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal Of Avian Biology. Hoboken: Wiley, v. 51, n. 1, 8 p., 2020. 0908-8857 10.1111/jav.02316 WOS:000511407600002 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal Of Avian Biology |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
8 |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Wiley-Blackwell |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Wiley-Blackwell |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129294099021824 |