Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/198451 |
Resumo: | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced by many cell types in situations of homeostasis or disease. One of its functions is to act as a proinflammatory molecule. In humans, several studies have shown that MIF levels become elevated in the serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, atheromas, diabetes and cancer). In dogs, distemper is a viral infectious condition that may lead to demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to the action of the virus, the inflammatory process may give rise to lesions in the white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the role of MIF in the encephalitis that the canine distemper virus causes and to compare this with immunodetection of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CD3 T lymphocytes, MMP-9 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; astrocytes) in demyelinated areas of the encephalon, in order to ascertain whether these findings might be related to the severity of the encephalic lesions. To this end, a retrospective study on archived paraffinized blocks was conducted, in which 21 encephala from dogs that had been naturally infected with the canine distemper virus (infected group) and five from dogs that had been free from systemic or CNS-affecting diseases (control group) were used. In the immunohistochemical analysis on the samples, the degree of marking by GFAP, MHC-II, MMP-9 and MIF was greater in the demyelinated areas and in the adjacent neuropil, and this was seen particularly in astrocytes. Detection of CD3 was limited to perivascular cuffs. In areas of liquefactive necrosis, Gitter cells were positive for MMP-9, MIF and MHC-II. Hence, it was concluded that activated astrocytes influenced the afflux of T lymphocytes to the encephalon (encephalitis). In the more advanced phases, activated phagocytes in the areas of liquefactive necrosis (Gitter cells) continued to produce inflammatory mediators even after the astrocytes in these localities had died, thereby worsening the encephalic lesions. Distemper virus-activated astrocytes and microglia produce MIF that results in proinflammatory stimulus on glial cells and brain-infiltrating leukocytes. Therefore, the effect of the inflammatory response is potentiated on the neuropil, resulting in neurological clinical signs. |
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Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virusDemyelinationDogImmune responseNeuroinflammationVirusMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced by many cell types in situations of homeostasis or disease. One of its functions is to act as a proinflammatory molecule. In humans, several studies have shown that MIF levels become elevated in the serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, atheromas, diabetes and cancer). In dogs, distemper is a viral infectious condition that may lead to demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to the action of the virus, the inflammatory process may give rise to lesions in the white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the role of MIF in the encephalitis that the canine distemper virus causes and to compare this with immunodetection of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CD3 T lymphocytes, MMP-9 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; astrocytes) in demyelinated areas of the encephalon, in order to ascertain whether these findings might be related to the severity of the encephalic lesions. To this end, a retrospective study on archived paraffinized blocks was conducted, in which 21 encephala from dogs that had been naturally infected with the canine distemper virus (infected group) and five from dogs that had been free from systemic or CNS-affecting diseases (control group) were used. In the immunohistochemical analysis on the samples, the degree of marking by GFAP, MHC-II, MMP-9 and MIF was greater in the demyelinated areas and in the adjacent neuropil, and this was seen particularly in astrocytes. Detection of CD3 was limited to perivascular cuffs. In areas of liquefactive necrosis, Gitter cells were positive for MMP-9, MIF and MHC-II. Hence, it was concluded that activated astrocytes influenced the afflux of T lymphocytes to the encephalon (encephalitis). In the more advanced phases, activated phagocytes in the areas of liquefactive necrosis (Gitter cells) continued to produce inflammatory mediators even after the astrocytes in these localities had died, thereby worsening the encephalic lesions. Distemper virus-activated astrocytes and microglia produce MIF that results in proinflammatory stimulus on glial cells and brain-infiltrating leukocytes. Therefore, the effect of the inflammatory response is potentiated on the neuropil, resulting in neurological clinical signs.School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/nSchool of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba (FMVA) UNESPAutonomous VeterinarianSchool of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/nSchool of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba (FMVA) UNESPUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Autonomous VeterinarianDe Nardo, Tatianna F.S. [UNESP]Bertolo, Paulo H.L. [UNESP]Bernardes, Priscila A. [UNESP]Munari, Danísio P. [UNESP]Machado, Gisele F. [UNESP]Jardim, Luciana S.Moreira, Pamela R.R. [UNESP]Rosolem, Mayara C. [UNESP]Vasconcelos, Rosemeri O. [UNESP]2020-12-12T01:13:16Z2020-12-12T01:13:16Z2020-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 221.1873-25340165-2427http://hdl.handle.net/11449/19845110.1016/j.vetimm.2020.1100102-s2.0-85078506184Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengVeterinary Immunology and Immunopathologyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-22T12:11:15Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/198451Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T22:45:38.115586Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
title |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
spellingShingle |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus De Nardo, Tatianna F.S. [UNESP] Demyelination Dog Immune response Neuroinflammation Virus |
title_short |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
title_full |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
title_fullStr |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
title_sort |
Contribution of astrocytes and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to immune-mediated canine encephalitis caused by the distemper virus |
author |
De Nardo, Tatianna F.S. [UNESP] |
author_facet |
De Nardo, Tatianna F.S. [UNESP] Bertolo, Paulo H.L. [UNESP] Bernardes, Priscila A. [UNESP] Munari, Danísio P. [UNESP] Machado, Gisele F. [UNESP] Jardim, Luciana S. Moreira, Pamela R.R. [UNESP] Rosolem, Mayara C. [UNESP] Vasconcelos, Rosemeri O. [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Bertolo, Paulo H.L. [UNESP] Bernardes, Priscila A. [UNESP] Munari, Danísio P. [UNESP] Machado, Gisele F. [UNESP] Jardim, Luciana S. Moreira, Pamela R.R. [UNESP] Rosolem, Mayara C. [UNESP] Vasconcelos, Rosemeri O. [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Autonomous Veterinarian |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
De Nardo, Tatianna F.S. [UNESP] Bertolo, Paulo H.L. [UNESP] Bernardes, Priscila A. [UNESP] Munari, Danísio P. [UNESP] Machado, Gisele F. [UNESP] Jardim, Luciana S. Moreira, Pamela R.R. [UNESP] Rosolem, Mayara C. [UNESP] Vasconcelos, Rosemeri O. [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Demyelination Dog Immune response Neuroinflammation Virus |
topic |
Demyelination Dog Immune response Neuroinflammation Virus |
description |
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced by many cell types in situations of homeostasis or disease. One of its functions is to act as a proinflammatory molecule. In humans, several studies have shown that MIF levels become elevated in the serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, atheromas, diabetes and cancer). In dogs, distemper is a viral infectious condition that may lead to demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to the action of the virus, the inflammatory process may give rise to lesions in the white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the role of MIF in the encephalitis that the canine distemper virus causes and to compare this with immunodetection of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CD3 T lymphocytes, MMP-9 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; astrocytes) in demyelinated areas of the encephalon, in order to ascertain whether these findings might be related to the severity of the encephalic lesions. To this end, a retrospective study on archived paraffinized blocks was conducted, in which 21 encephala from dogs that had been naturally infected with the canine distemper virus (infected group) and five from dogs that had been free from systemic or CNS-affecting diseases (control group) were used. In the immunohistochemical analysis on the samples, the degree of marking by GFAP, MHC-II, MMP-9 and MIF was greater in the demyelinated areas and in the adjacent neuropil, and this was seen particularly in astrocytes. Detection of CD3 was limited to perivascular cuffs. In areas of liquefactive necrosis, Gitter cells were positive for MMP-9, MIF and MHC-II. Hence, it was concluded that activated astrocytes influenced the afflux of T lymphocytes to the encephalon (encephalitis). In the more advanced phases, activated phagocytes in the areas of liquefactive necrosis (Gitter cells) continued to produce inflammatory mediators even after the astrocytes in these localities had died, thereby worsening the encephalic lesions. Distemper virus-activated astrocytes and microglia produce MIF that results in proinflammatory stimulus on glial cells and brain-infiltrating leukocytes. Therefore, the effect of the inflammatory response is potentiated on the neuropil, resulting in neurological clinical signs. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-12T01:13:16Z 2020-12-12T01:13:16Z 2020-03-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010 Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 221. 1873-2534 0165-2427 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/198451 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010 2-s2.0-85078506184 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/198451 |
identifier_str_mv |
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 221. 1873-2534 0165-2427 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110010 2-s2.0-85078506184 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1808129460166197248 |