Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196278 |
Resumo: | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax in the diet of adult sheep on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance. Two microencapsulated system formulations were developed with ratios (wt/wt) of 1:2 (U(ME)1:2) and 1:2 + sulfur (U(ME)1:2 + S) between the core (urea) and encapsulant (beeswax). The U(ME)1:2 formulation had greater yield values, microencapsulation efficiency and thermal stability than U(ME)1:2 + S. The most efficient formulation (U(ME)1:2) was added to the diet of twenty-four uncastrated male sheep, adult, crossbred Santa Ines, 9 months old with an average body weight of 28.2 kg +/- 0.6 kg. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomized design in which the animals were distributed into four treatments that included different levels of urea microencapsulated in beeswax, U(ME)1:2 without S (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% in total dry matter (DM)), and six replicates in a total experimental period of 19 days, with 14 days for adaptation. The inclusion of urea microencapsulated in beeswax did not affect (P > 0.05) DM, crude protein, ether extract, ash, total carbohydrate or crude energy intake or digestibility. In addition, the nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake, N intake, N excretion (urinary and fecal), N absorbed, N retained, N retention/N intake and N retained/N absorbed were not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of urea micro-encapsulated in beeswax. However, there was a linear increase in NDF (P = 0.031) and ADF (P = 0.004) digestibility as the inclusion level of encapsulated urea increased from 0 to 4.5%. The NFC digestibility showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.001) with the greatest digestibility at 3.0% microencapsulated urea. Beeswax was shown to be an efficient microencapsulant to obtain microparticles containing urea, and the formulation of U(ME)1:2 without the addition of S is recommended since it showed better yield and efficiency than the formulation with S. The inclusion of up to 4.5% urea microencapsulated in the lipid matrix of beeswax is recommended to improve NDF and ADF digestibility without affecting intake and N balance. |
id |
UNSP_c9b2c31f46cd74b2e033a36d4658d5cc |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/196278 |
network_acronym_str |
UNSP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository_id_str |
2946 |
spelling |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant dietsIntakeMicrospheresN-NH3Nitrogen balanceThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax in the diet of adult sheep on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance. Two microencapsulated system formulations were developed with ratios (wt/wt) of 1:2 (U(ME)1:2) and 1:2 + sulfur (U(ME)1:2 + S) between the core (urea) and encapsulant (beeswax). The U(ME)1:2 formulation had greater yield values, microencapsulation efficiency and thermal stability than U(ME)1:2 + S. The most efficient formulation (U(ME)1:2) was added to the diet of twenty-four uncastrated male sheep, adult, crossbred Santa Ines, 9 months old with an average body weight of 28.2 kg +/- 0.6 kg. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomized design in which the animals were distributed into four treatments that included different levels of urea microencapsulated in beeswax, U(ME)1:2 without S (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% in total dry matter (DM)), and six replicates in a total experimental period of 19 days, with 14 days for adaptation. The inclusion of urea microencapsulated in beeswax did not affect (P > 0.05) DM, crude protein, ether extract, ash, total carbohydrate or crude energy intake or digestibility. In addition, the nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake, N intake, N excretion (urinary and fecal), N absorbed, N retained, N retention/N intake and N retained/N absorbed were not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of urea micro-encapsulated in beeswax. However, there was a linear increase in NDF (P = 0.031) and ADF (P = 0.004) digestibility as the inclusion level of encapsulated urea increased from 0 to 4.5%. The NFC digestibility showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.001) with the greatest digestibility at 3.0% microencapsulated urea. Beeswax was shown to be an efficient microencapsulant to obtain microparticles containing urea, and the formulation of U(ME)1:2 without the addition of S is recommended since it showed better yield and efficiency than the formulation with S. The inclusion of up to 4.5% urea microencapsulated in the lipid matrix of beeswax is recommended to improve NDF and ADF digestibility without affecting intake and N balance.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Campina Grande, Dept Anim Sci, Univ Ave,Caixa Postal 61, Patos de Minas, Paraiba, BrazilState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, Roberto Simonsen St 305, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Organ & Inorgan Chem, Contorno St, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Dept Anim Sci, Adhemar Barros Ave 500, BR-40170110 Salvador, BA, BrazilState Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, Roberto Simonsen St 305, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, SP, BrazilElsevier B.V.Univ Fed Campina GrandeUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Univ Fed CearaUniversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)Carvalho, A. de B.Silva, A. L. daSilva, A. M. de A.Netto, A. J.Medeiros, T. T. B. deAraujo Filho, J. M.Agostini, D. L. da S. [UNESP]Oliveira, D. L. deMazzetto, S. E.Kotzebue, L. R.Oliveira, J. R.Oliveira, R. L.Bezerra, L. R.2020-12-10T19:39:31Z2020-12-10T19:39:31Z2019-10-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article56-63http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005Small Ruminant Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, v. 179, p. 56-63, 2019.0921-4488http://hdl.handle.net/11449/19627810.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005WOS:000493213100010Web of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengSmall Ruminant Researchinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T06:44:54Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/196278Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462021-10-23T06:44:54Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
title |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
spellingShingle |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets Carvalho, A. de B. Intake Microspheres N-NH3 Nitrogen balance |
title_short |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
title_full |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
title_fullStr |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
title_sort |
Effect of slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax and its inclusion in ruminant diets |
author |
Carvalho, A. de B. |
author_facet |
Carvalho, A. de B. Silva, A. L. da Silva, A. M. de A. Netto, A. J. Medeiros, T. T. B. de Araujo Filho, J. M. Agostini, D. L. da S. [UNESP] Oliveira, D. L. de Mazzetto, S. E. Kotzebue, L. R. Oliveira, J. R. Oliveira, R. L. Bezerra, L. R. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Silva, A. L. da Silva, A. M. de A. Netto, A. J. Medeiros, T. T. B. de Araujo Filho, J. M. Agostini, D. L. da S. [UNESP] Oliveira, D. L. de Mazzetto, S. E. Kotzebue, L. R. Oliveira, J. R. Oliveira, R. L. Bezerra, L. R. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Univ Fed Campina Grande Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Univ Fed Ceara Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Carvalho, A. de B. Silva, A. L. da Silva, A. M. de A. Netto, A. J. Medeiros, T. T. B. de Araujo Filho, J. M. Agostini, D. L. da S. [UNESP] Oliveira, D. L. de Mazzetto, S. E. Kotzebue, L. R. Oliveira, J. R. Oliveira, R. L. Bezerra, L. R. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Intake Microspheres N-NH3 Nitrogen balance |
topic |
Intake Microspheres N-NH3 Nitrogen balance |
description |
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including slow-release urea microencapsulated in beeswax in the diet of adult sheep on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance. Two microencapsulated system formulations were developed with ratios (wt/wt) of 1:2 (U(ME)1:2) and 1:2 + sulfur (U(ME)1:2 + S) between the core (urea) and encapsulant (beeswax). The U(ME)1:2 formulation had greater yield values, microencapsulation efficiency and thermal stability than U(ME)1:2 + S. The most efficient formulation (U(ME)1:2) was added to the diet of twenty-four uncastrated male sheep, adult, crossbred Santa Ines, 9 months old with an average body weight of 28.2 kg +/- 0.6 kg. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomized design in which the animals were distributed into four treatments that included different levels of urea microencapsulated in beeswax, U(ME)1:2 without S (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% in total dry matter (DM)), and six replicates in a total experimental period of 19 days, with 14 days for adaptation. The inclusion of urea microencapsulated in beeswax did not affect (P > 0.05) DM, crude protein, ether extract, ash, total carbohydrate or crude energy intake or digestibility. In addition, the nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake, N intake, N excretion (urinary and fecal), N absorbed, N retained, N retention/N intake and N retained/N absorbed were not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of urea micro-encapsulated in beeswax. However, there was a linear increase in NDF (P = 0.031) and ADF (P = 0.004) digestibility as the inclusion level of encapsulated urea increased from 0 to 4.5%. The NFC digestibility showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.001) with the greatest digestibility at 3.0% microencapsulated urea. Beeswax was shown to be an efficient microencapsulant to obtain microparticles containing urea, and the formulation of U(ME)1:2 without the addition of S is recommended since it showed better yield and efficiency than the formulation with S. The inclusion of up to 4.5% urea microencapsulated in the lipid matrix of beeswax is recommended to improve NDF and ADF digestibility without affecting intake and N balance. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-10-01 2020-12-10T19:39:31Z 2020-12-10T19:39:31Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005 Small Ruminant Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, v. 179, p. 56-63, 2019. 0921-4488 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196278 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005 WOS:000493213100010 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/196278 |
identifier_str_mv |
Small Ruminant Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, v. 179, p. 56-63, 2019. 0921-4488 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.005 WOS:000493213100010 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Small Ruminant Research |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
56-63 |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier B.V. |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier B.V. |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799964818468241408 |