Qualidade estrutural em latossolos compactados cultivados com milho

• Autor(a) principal: Rossetti, Karina de Vares [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135957; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/16-02-2016/000858287.pdf
• topic: Milho; Fisica do solo; Latossolos; Produtividade agrícola; Milho - Raizes; Solos - Compactação; Soil physics

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural behavior of an Haplustox (LVd) and of an Eutrustox (LVef) after tractor-induced compaction based on soil physical properties and their relations with root growth and maize yield. The field experiments were carried out in two growing seasons (years I and II), in a randomized block design with split plots and four replications. The main treatments consisted of five compaction levels (T0, T1, T2, T3 e T4) and the secondary treatments of soil layers. The soil physical properties aggregate stability, bulk density, macro-and micro porosity, water retention, S index, penetration resistance, and the least limiting water range (RLL) were evaluated. In the first year, most S values of LVef exceeded 0.035, with the exception of T4 (passing a 10-ton tractor 3x), with 0.026. This index is not considered reliable to characterize the structural quality in relation to maize yield (Chapter 2). In the second year, the highest frequency of bulk density above the critical threshold for soil density occurred from T1 (passing a 4-ton tractor twice) to T4 (passing a 10-ton tractor 4x) (LVd) and from T2 (passing a 2-ton tractor 4x) to T4 (LVef) for critical soil resistance to penetration (cPR) 2 MPa. Without however reducing maize yield. The determination of RLL was effective to identify degradation, and regardless of the cPR value, the maize yield of LVd was more limited than that of LVef, (Chapter 3). For LVef, the responses in geometric mean diameter indices, mean weight diameter and percentage of aggregate diameter > 2.0 mm were similar in T0 (no additional compaction) as well as in the other treatments with induced compaction and higher than those of the LVd in terms of absolute values. Under the conditions of T0 (conventional tillage, no additional compaction), the reduction in macroporosity in LVd from 0.19 to 0.15 m3 m-3 had a positive influence on maize root length (Chapter 4)