The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154891 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/161490 |
Resumo: | There are several hypotheses about the possible functions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) in ants. The proposed functions include roles as cephalic or gastric caeca and diverticulum of the digestive tract, mixing of hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, feeding larvae, and the accumulation of lipids inside this gland, whose origin is contradictory. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of these glands by examining the protein expression profile of the PPGs of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mated females received lipid supplementation and their glands were extracted and analyzed using a proteomic approach. The protocol used combined two-dimensional electrophoresis and shotgun strategies, followed by mass spectrometry. We also detected lipid beta-oxidation by immunofluorescent marking of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Supplying ants with lipids elicited responses in the glandular cells of the PPG; these included increased expression of proteins related to defense mechanisms and signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton due to cell expansion. In addition, some proteins in PPG were overexpressed, especially those involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Part of the lipids may be reduced, used for the synthesis of fatty alcohol, transported to the hemolymph, or may be used as substrate for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to form molecules that drive oxidative phosphorylation and produce energy for cellular metabolic processes. These findings suggest that this organ is specialized for lipid nutrition of adult leaf-cutting ants and characterized like a of diverticulum foregut, with the ability to absorb, store, metabolize, and mobilize lipids to the hemolymph. However, we do not rule out that the PPG may have other functions in other species of ants. |
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The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting AntsThere are several hypotheses about the possible functions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) in ants. The proposed functions include roles as cephalic or gastric caeca and diverticulum of the digestive tract, mixing of hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, feeding larvae, and the accumulation of lipids inside this gland, whose origin is contradictory. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of these glands by examining the protein expression profile of the PPGs of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mated females received lipid supplementation and their glands were extracted and analyzed using a proteomic approach. The protocol used combined two-dimensional electrophoresis and shotgun strategies, followed by mass spectrometry. We also detected lipid beta-oxidation by immunofluorescent marking of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Supplying ants with lipids elicited responses in the glandular cells of the PPG; these included increased expression of proteins related to defense mechanisms and signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton due to cell expansion. In addition, some proteins in PPG were overexpressed, especially those involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Part of the lipids may be reduced, used for the synthesis of fatty alcohol, transported to the hemolymph, or may be used as substrate for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to form molecules that drive oxidative phosphorylation and produce energy for cellular metabolic processes. These findings suggest that this organ is specialized for lipid nutrition of adult leaf-cutting ants and characterized like a of diverticulum foregut, with the ability to absorb, store, metabolize, and mobilize lipids to the hemolymph. However, we do not rule out that the PPG may have other functions in other species of ants.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Lab Biol Estrutural & Zooquim, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Lab Biol Estrutural & Zooquim, Sao Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 130347/2011-6CNPq: 157837/2015-7CNPq: 306910/2011-0FAPESP: 2012/12541-3FAPESP: 2011/51684-1Public Library ScienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Decio, Pamela [UNESP]Vieira, Alexsandro Santana [UNESP]Dias, Nathalia Baptista [UNESP]Palma, Mario Sergio [UNESP]Bueno, Odair Correa [UNESP]2018-11-26T16:32:57Z2018-11-26T16:32:57Z2016-05-05info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article18application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154891Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 11, n. 5, 18 p., 2016.1932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/11449/16149010.1371/journal.pone.0154891WOS:000375676800080WOS000375676800080.pdf290188862450653510507090557764280000-0002-3586-6192Web of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengPlos One1,164info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-04-11T14:57:21Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/161490Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T20:35:22.059699Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
title |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
spellingShingle |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants Decio, Pamela [UNESP] |
title_short |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
title_full |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
title_fullStr |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
title_sort |
The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants |
author |
Decio, Pamela [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Decio, Pamela [UNESP] Vieira, Alexsandro Santana [UNESP] Dias, Nathalia Baptista [UNESP] Palma, Mario Sergio [UNESP] Bueno, Odair Correa [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Vieira, Alexsandro Santana [UNESP] Dias, Nathalia Baptista [UNESP] Palma, Mario Sergio [UNESP] Bueno, Odair Correa [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Decio, Pamela [UNESP] Vieira, Alexsandro Santana [UNESP] Dias, Nathalia Baptista [UNESP] Palma, Mario Sergio [UNESP] Bueno, Odair Correa [UNESP] |
description |
There are several hypotheses about the possible functions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) in ants. The proposed functions include roles as cephalic or gastric caeca and diverticulum of the digestive tract, mixing of hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, feeding larvae, and the accumulation of lipids inside this gland, whose origin is contradictory. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of these glands by examining the protein expression profile of the PPGs of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mated females received lipid supplementation and their glands were extracted and analyzed using a proteomic approach. The protocol used combined two-dimensional electrophoresis and shotgun strategies, followed by mass spectrometry. We also detected lipid beta-oxidation by immunofluorescent marking of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Supplying ants with lipids elicited responses in the glandular cells of the PPG; these included increased expression of proteins related to defense mechanisms and signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton due to cell expansion. In addition, some proteins in PPG were overexpressed, especially those involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Part of the lipids may be reduced, used for the synthesis of fatty alcohol, transported to the hemolymph, or may be used as substrate for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to form molecules that drive oxidative phosphorylation and produce energy for cellular metabolic processes. These findings suggest that this organ is specialized for lipid nutrition of adult leaf-cutting ants and characterized like a of diverticulum foregut, with the ability to absorb, store, metabolize, and mobilize lipids to the hemolymph. However, we do not rule out that the PPG may have other functions in other species of ants. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-05-05 2018-11-26T16:32:57Z 2018-11-26T16:32:57Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154891 Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 11, n. 5, 18 p., 2016. 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/161490 10.1371/journal.pone.0154891 WOS:000375676800080 WOS000375676800080.pdf 2901888624506535 1050709055776428 0000-0002-3586-6192 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154891 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/161490 |
identifier_str_mv |
Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 11, n. 5, 18 p., 2016. 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0154891 WOS:000375676800080 WOS000375676800080.pdf 2901888624506535 1050709055776428 0000-0002-3586-6192 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Plos One 1,164 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
18 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library Science |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library Science |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
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UNESP |
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UNESP |
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Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
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Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
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Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1808129223247790080 |