Análise dos impactos da Covid-19 no mercado brasileiro de energia elétrica

• Autor(a) principal: Estavare, Fernando Hiratsuka
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/216528
• topic: Pandemic; Electric energy consumption; Covid-19; Pandemia; CDE-Covid; Consumo de energia elétrica; ACR; ACL

The Covid-19 pandemic significantly changed the national scenario in a sudden way during the beginning of 2020. This current work has the objective to analyze the impacts of this change in the light of the national energy market. In the context of the generation during 2020, there was a reduction of 6.2% in the supply of non-renewable sources and an increase of 2.5% in the supply of renewable sources, when compared to its offers in 2019, with great emphasis for the solar source supply. The solar generation had an increase of 187% in micro and mini distributed generation. The necessary sanitation management to contain the virus and the political and socioeconomic uncertainty caused a frustration of market expectations and a consequent decrease in electricity consumption. The greatest variations on energy consumption in the National Interconnected System, when compared to the same period in 2019, were observed in 2020 in the months of April and May, which had a reduction of 12.1% and 10.9%, respectively. This decrease, together with the economic downturn and the increase in consumer defaults, caused a reduction in distributors' billing, which motivated the creation of the Conta Covid. The account, which comprises a loan coordinated by BNDES with 16 public and private institutions, was responsible for the transfer of R$ 14.8 billion to the affected distributors in the period. Thus, future tariff adjustments were diluted in 60 months and the sector had more liquidity. In the free energy market, the decrease in national energy consumption caused a drop in the Preço de Liquidação das Diferenças (PLD), which, together with the historical situation, exposed its consumers to the short-term market. It is estimated that the differences between contract prices and the short-term PLD caused a loss of R$ 5 billion in the free energy market during the year 2020