Formas orgânicas e inorgânicas de fósforo no solo em função de plantas de cobertura e de adubação nitrogenada

• Autor(a) principal: Leite, Jacqueline Nayara Ferraça [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132020; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/09-12-2015/000855281.pdf
• topic: Fósforo; Leguminosa; Gramínea; Adubação; Fertilizantes nitrogenados; Nitrogen fertilizers

Growing cover crops under no-tillage system and nitrogen fertilization can change the cycling and the accumulation of phosphorus in soil. The knowledge of the solubility, distribution and proportion of forms of P in soil can provide important information for assessing the availability of this element for plants and enable maximum efficiency of phosphate fertilizers use. With that, we aimed to evaluate, in a long term experiment, the effects of cover crops in pre-cropping corn, and sidedress nitrogen levels in corn, in the forms of soil phosphorus. The experiment was installed in a sandy clay Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots and four replications. The main treatments were cover crops: Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna cinerea, Pennisetum americanum, and spontaneous vegetation; the secondary treatments were sidedress N doses in corn, equivalent to 0 and 120 kg ha-1. Organic matter, pH CaCl2, P-resin, total organic P, total P, and organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) forms of P were determined in samples collected twelve years after the start of the experiment in 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm layers. The P forms were obtained using the following extractants, in order: anion exchange resin (PResin), NaHCO3 (Pbic), NaOH (PNaOH) and HCl (PHCl), and a mixture of H2SO4 + HF + H2O2. The obtained forms were classified as labile P (PResin + Pbic), moderately labile P (PNaOH), and non-labile P. The cultivation of Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna cinerea and Pennisetum americanum as cover crops in corn pre-cropping increases moderately labile organic P (Po NaOH I) in the topsoil. Nitrogen fertilization favors Po mineralization in soil and redistributes forms of Pi and Po between the labile and moderately labile compartments, without impacting available P