Capacidade de suporte de carga e densidade do solo em áreas de plantio direto com e sem escarificação

• Autor(a) principal: Marasca, Indiamara
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Outros Autores: Lanças, Kléber Pereira [UNESP], Silva, Reginaldo Barboza da [UNESP], Assis, Renato Lara de
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• DOI: 10.17224/EnergAgric.2012v27n4p81-91
• Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/EnergAgric.2012v27n4p81-91; http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137486
• topic: No-till has been used in many different regions of Brazil. However, depending on the location and intensity of machinery traffic, this has caused the problem of soil compaction and many producers are scarification the land as a solution to break through the layer that is restricting plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of scarification (0.30 m) in the physical properties of a dystrophic Alfisol comparing the results with a non-scarified contiguous area; both were previously conducted using no-till. The density and pressure of pre-consolidation were sampled in two areas of non-tillage, one with chiseling (PDCE) and one without (PDSE) by using the UMAS -Mobile Soil Sampling Unit built by NEMPA – Agroforestry Machinery and Tire Testing Center/FCA / UNESP, Botucatu ,SP. The UMAS is equipped with GPS which allows the samples to be georeferenced. The samples were evaluated in the laboratory through the collection of standardized rings. Sampling was performed at a dimension of 15 x 50 m, with 160 rings being collected. The samples containing rings which were used in determining the density and also for testing the consolidometer, were collected from the layers of 0 to 0.10 m, 0.10 to 0.20 m, 0.20 to 0.30 0.30 to I 0.40 m. For the odometer test the undisturbed sample rings were used in obtaining the load bearing capacity of the soil. The soil management adopted provided a decrease in soil density using no-tillage with scarification depths from 0.0 to 0.10 0.10 to 0.20 m while the other depths did not show any decrease. The pre-consolidation pressure in combination with soil aggregate resistance identified that the management process PDCE within all layers was subjected to water content reliability regarding a greater load bearing capacity of the soil. For the PDSE that only was possible in the 0 to 0.10 m, showing greater consolidation of this layer.; O sistema de plantio direto vem sendo empregado em diversas regiões do Brasil; porém, dependendo do local e da intensidade do tráfego de máquinas, tem provocado a compactação do solo e muitos produtores utilizam como solução a escarificação da área para romper a camada que diminui o crescimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da escarificação (0,30 m) nas propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, comparando os resultados com uma área contigua não escarificada, ambas conduzidas, anteriormente, pelo sistema de plantio direto. Para a densidade e pressão de pré-consolidação do solo foram amostradas as duas áreas de plantio direto, com escarificação (PDCE) e sem escarificação (PDSE). Utilizando-se a UMAS – Unidade Móvel de Amostragem do Solo, construída pelo NEMPA - Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais da FCA/UNESP de Botucatu/SP, equipada com GPS, possibilitando o georeferenciamento dessas amostras. As amostras foram avaliadas em laboratório através da coleta de anéis padronizados. A amostragem foi realizada numa dimensão de 15 x 50 m, sendo coletados 160 anéis. As amostras com anéis, para a determinação da densidade e para o ensaio no consolidômetro, foram coletadas nas camadas de 0 a 0,10 m, 0,10 a 0,20 m, 0,20 a 0,30 m e 0,30 a 0,40 m. Para o ensaio com o consolidômetro foram utilizados os anéis com amostras indeformadas obtendo-se a capacidade de suporte de carga do solo. O manejo do solo adotado proporcionou diminuição na densidade do solo no plantio direto com escarificação nas profundidades de 0,0 a 0,10 m e 0,10 a 0,20 m e nas outras profundidades não houve diminuição. A pressão de preconsolidação em associação com a resistência de agregados do solo possibilitou identificar que no manejo PDCE, todas as camadas quando submetidas ao teor de água referente à faixa de friabilidade ofereceram uma maior capacidade de suporte de carga do solo e no PDSE, isto só foi possível na camada de 0 a 0,10 m, evidenciando a maior consolidação desta camada.

No-till has been used in many different regions of Brazil. However, depending on the location and intensity of machinery traffic, this has caused the problem of soil compaction and many producers are scarification the land as a solution to break through the layer that is restricting plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of scarification (0.30 m) in the physical properties of a dystrophic Alfisol comparing the results with a non-scarified contiguous area; both were previously conducted using no-till. The density and pressure of pre-consolidation were sampled in two areas of non-tillage, one with chiseling (PDCE) and one without (PDSE) by using the UMAS -Mobile Soil Sampling Unit built by NEMPA – Agroforestry Machinery and Tire Testing Center/FCA / UNESP, Botucatu ,SP. The UMAS is equipped with GPS which allows the samples to be georeferenced. The samples were evaluated in the laboratory through the collection of standardized rings. Sampling was performed at a dimension of 15 x 50 m, with 160 rings being collected. The samples containing rings which were used in determining the density and also for testing the consolidometer, were collected from the layers of 0 to 0.10 m, 0.10 to 0.20 m, 0.20 to 0.30 0.30 to I 0.40 m. For the odometer test the undisturbed sample rings were used in obtaining the load bearing capacity of the soil. The soil management adopted provided a decrease in soil density using no-tillage with scarification depths from 0.0 to 0.10 0.10 to 0.20 m while the other depths did not show any decrease. The pre-consolidation pressure in combination with soil aggregate resistance identified that the management process PDCE within all layers was subjected to water content reliability regarding a greater load bearing capacity of the soil. For the PDSE that only was possible in the 0 to 0.10 m, showing greater consolidation of this layer.