Uso de macrófitas aquáticas e carapaça de mexilhão-dourado em substrato para germinação e crescimento inicial de mudas de Genipa americana L.

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Loiane Fernanda Romão de
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/235064
• topic: Production of substrastes; Residues; Soil conditioners; Produção de substratos; Resíduos; Condicionante de solo

The combined use of techniques represents a way to support the process of cover vegetation recomposing in the recovery of degraded areas. Taking the Ilha Solteira region as an example, where extensive areas were degraded during the construction of the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant, with vegetation suppression and soil removal, it is necessary to implement actions that stimulate revegetation, being essential to introduce organic matter, which needs to be done with regional alternatives. Aquatic macrophytes (MAC) and golden mussel shells (CMD) are available residues in the region. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of MAC and CMD as part of the substrate for germination and initial growth of Genipa americana L., a species that occurs in the area. This work was carried out at the Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP/Campus of Ilha Solteira (SP), under protected growing conditions. MAC and CMD, composted, were used to prepare the substrate for germination and initial growth of G. americana L. seedlings, using five proportions of compost:soil (100/0; 70/30; 50/50; 30/70; and 0/100%). The compounds were produced from the mixture of MAC:CMD residues in different proportions (100:0; 97.5: 2.5; 95:5 and 90:10% MAC:CMD) and composted as follows: 30, 60 and 90 days for macrophytes collected 90 days before and 00, 30 and 60 days for macrophytes collected 180 days before, producing 24 compounds (4 compositions, 3 composting times and 2 macrophytes collections), which were tested as substrate, producing 120 treatments. The seeds of G. americana L. were placed to germinate in trays, 20 seeds per tray, treated as replicates. Germination was evaluated every 3 days for 90 days. The evaluations carried out were, for germination, percentage of emergence and emergence speed index, and for initial growth, height, diameter, length and root volume, fresh and dry mass of shoot and root, seedling quality index and chlorophyll index. The data were submitted to the hypothesis of normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out, with the F test being applied at 5% probability. Based on the statistical analysis, it can be affirmed that the shorter composting times produced higher percentages of emergence. The use of MA or MN in the composting process did not interfere in the germination, and the incorporation of CMD to the compost and to the substrates with 70 and 100% of compost produced the highest percentages of emergence. The substrates with the best fertility are those that contain more compost (100 and 70%) and do not always have CMD. The initial growth of seedlings was favored by the longer composting times and substrates containing MA. These observations allow us to propose the use of macrophytes after composting, associated or not with the presence of golden mussel shells, as well as the possibility of using the compost without mixing it with the soil, for both germination and the initial growth of the genipap. The use of these materials needs to be highlighted as the production of a good for the environment.