Análise dos efeitos da exposição a ambientes poluídos na morfologia e no envelhecimento precoce, de brânquias e fígado em peixes

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Bruno Fiorelini [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108671
• topic: Fishes; Peixe; Poluentes; Peixes - Efeitos da poluição; Pigmentos (Biologia); Peixe - Histologia; Histoquimica; Peixe - Morfologia; Animais - Efeito da poluição; Biologia molecular; Azul, Lago (Rio Claro, SP)

Biodegradable detergents are some of the compounds most dumped into rivers and still raise distrust among the general population concerning its potential to be pollutants. In fact these pollutants are generally chemical substances released onto aquatic environments that can cause alterations in animals who live in these areas. Keeping in mind the growing concern of general population about the effects of pollutants released in nature and their action on fauna, the present study wished to verify effects of water pollutants in lake waters and a biodegradable detergent dilution compared to control groups, exposed to pure water from an artesian well at UNESP- campus de Rio Claro, which is chlorinated according to standards required by SABESP, on large-sized: Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá) and smallsized species: Astyanax altiparanae (Lambari). For such purposes histological, histochemical, fluorescence and ultrastructural techniques were used to assess damage in liver and gill morphology and lipofuscin (aging pigment) accumulation after 1 and 5 months of exposure. Histological and histochemical analyses revealed reduced glycogen area, increased number of recruited macrophages, lysosome reduction and general morphological alterations in liver of both species. Gills showed several morphological modifications such as lamellar fusion, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia and aneurisms, with varying frequencies amongst treatments and species tested. Furthermore, the same organ also exhibited mucous cell proliferation and mitochondria-rich cell proliferation. Our ultrastructural analyses revealed that gills are severely affected at cellular levels, presenting cytoplasmic degradation, mitochondrial fusions and damages and in some cases, apoptotic cells. Quantitative studies of lipofuscin presence based on fluorescence microscopy allowed us to verify that these pollutants not only promote lipofuscin accumulation in both organs tested, but they...